diff --git a/app/admin/controller/Channel.php b/app/admin/controller/Channel.php
index 2fd711c..a7d4b68 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/Channel.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/Channel.php
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
         }
         $rowsRaw = $request->post('list', []);
         if (!is_array($rowsRaw) || $rowsRaw === []) {
-            return $this->error('请至少配置一条分配记录');
+            return $this->error(__('Please configure at least one share record'));
         }
 
         $adminIds = Db::name('admin')
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
             $adminIdSet[(int) $adminId] = true;
         }
         if ($adminIdSet === []) {
-            return $this->error('该渠道下暂无管理员，无法配置分配比例');
+            return $this->error(__('There are no admins under this channel; cannot configure share ratios'));
         }
 
         $enabledSum = '0.00';
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
             $shareRaw = $line['share_rate'] ?? null;
             $shareRate = self::normalizeAmountScale($shareRaw === null ? '0' : (string) $shareRaw, 2);
             if (bccomp($shareRate, '0', 2) < 0 || bccomp($shareRate, '100', 2) > 0) {
-                return $this->error('分配比例必须在0到100之间');
+                return $this->error(__('Share ratio must be between 0 and 100'));
             }
             if ($status === 1) {
                 $enabledSum = bcadd($enabledSum, $shareRate, 2);
@@ -617,10 +617,10 @@ class Channel extends Backend
             ];
         }
         if ($insertRows === []) {
-            return $this->error('请至少配置一条有效分配记录');
+            return $this->error(__('Please configure at least one valid share record'));
         }
         if (bccomp($enabledSum, '100.00', 2) !== 0) {
-            return $this->error('启用的分配比例总和必须等于100');
+            return $this->error(__('Sum of enabled share ratios must equal 100'));
         }
 
         Db::startTrans();
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
             return $this->error($e->getMessage());
         }
 
-        return $this->success('分配比例保存成功');
+        return $this->success(__('Share ratios saved successfully'));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
             return $response;
         }
         if (!$this->auth->isSuperAdmin()) {
-            return $this->error('仅超管可执行结算，结算后系统会自动发放至管理员钱包');
+            return $this->error(__('Only super admin can settle; after settlement, commissions will be automatically paid to admin wallets'));
         }
 
         $id = (int) ($request->post('id', $request->get('id', 0)));
@@ -665,9 +665,9 @@ class Channel extends Backend
 
         $res = ChannelSettlementService::settleBySuperAdmin((int) $row['id'], intval($this->auth->id), $remark, false);
         if (($res['ok'] ?? false) !== true) {
-            return $this->error((string) ($res['msg'] ?? '结算失败'));
+            return $this->error((string) ($res['msg'] ?? __('Settlement failed')));
         }
-        return $this->success('超管结算完成，已按分配比例自动发放给管理员');
+        return $this->success(__('Super admin settlement completed; paid automatically by share ratios'));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
         }
         // 批量按钮语义：手动触发“待结算渠道”结算，不受结算周期到点限制。
         $res = ChannelSettlementService::settleAllDueChannels(intval($this->auth->id), false);
-        return $this->success('批量结算完成', $res);
+        return $this->success(__('Batch settlement completed'), $res);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
     {
         $channelId = (int) ($row['id'] ?? 0);
         if ($channelId <= 0) {
-            return '渠道数据异常';
+            return (string) __('Invalid channel data');
         }
 
         $endTs = time();
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
         }
 
         if ($periodStartTs >= $endTs) {
-            return '结算区间无效（开始时间不早于当前）';
+            return (string) __('Invalid settlement period (start time is not earlier than now)');
         }
 
         $stats = $this->aggregateBetOrderForChannel($channelId, $periodStartTs, $lastEnd !== null, $endTs);
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
         if ($mode === 'turnover') {
             $ratePercent = $row['turnover_share_rate'] ?? null;
             if ($ratePercent === null || $ratePercent === '') {
-                return '普通返水代理未配置返水分红比例';
+                return (string) __('Turnover agent commission rate is not configured');
             }
             $rateDec = bcdiv((string) $ratePercent, '100', 2);
             $amount = bcmul($totalBet, $rateDec, 2);
@@ -879,11 +879,11 @@ class Channel extends Backend
             $fee = $row['affiliate_fee_rate'] ?? null;
             $rulesRaw = $row['affiliate_ladder_rules'] ?? null;
             if ($fee === null || $fee === '') {
-                return '联营代理未配置成本扣除比例';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate agent fee rate is not configured');
             }
             $rules = $this->normalizeLadderRulesForSettlement($rulesRaw);
             if ($rules === []) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则无效或为空';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules are empty or invalid');
             }
 
             if (bccomp($platformProfit, '0', 2) <= 0) {
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
             ];
         }
 
-        return '未知的代理模式';
+        return (string) __('Unknown agent mode');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1169,20 +1169,20 @@ class Channel extends Backend
     {
         $cycle = isset($data['settle_cycle']) ? trim((string) $data['settle_cycle']) : 'weekly';
         if (!in_array($cycle, ['daily', 'weekly', 'monthly'], true)) {
-            return '结算周期不合法';
+            return (string) __('Invalid settlement cycle');
         }
         $data['settle_cycle'] = $cycle;
 
         $settleTime = isset($data['settle_time']) ? trim((string) $data['settle_time']) : '02:00:00';
         if (!preg_match('/^\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}$/', $settleTime)) {
-            return '结算时间格式不正确（HH:mm:ss）';
+            return (string) __('Invalid settlement time format (HH:mm:ss)');
         }
         $data['settle_time'] = $settleTime;
 
         if ($cycle === 'weekly') {
             $weekday = isset($data['settle_weekday']) ? (int) $data['settle_weekday'] : 1;
             if ($weekday < 1 || $weekday > 7) {
-                return '周结必须选择周一到周日';
+                return (string) __('Weekly settlement must select Monday to Sunday');
             }
             $data['settle_weekday'] = $weekday;
         } else {
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
         if ($cycle === 'monthly') {
             $monthday = isset($data['settle_monthday']) ? (int) $data['settle_monthday'] : 1;
             if ($monthday < 1 || $monthday > 31) {
-                return '月结日期必须在1到31之间';
+                return (string) __('Monthly settlement day must be between 1 and 31');
             }
             $data['settle_monthday'] = $monthday;
         } else {
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ class Channel extends Backend
             if (isset($data['turnover_share_rate']) && $data['turnover_share_rate'] !== '' && $data['turnover_share_rate'] !== null) {
                 $num = (float) $data['turnover_share_rate'];
                 if ($num < 0 || $num > 100) {
-                    return '返水分红比例必须在0到100之间';
+                    return (string) __('Turnover commission rate must be between 0 and 100');
                 }
             }
             return null;
@@ -1213,11 +1213,11 @@ class Channel extends Backend
         if ($mode === 'affiliate') {
             foreach (['affiliate_share_rate' => '联营占成比例', 'affiliate_fee_rate' => '联营成本扣除比例'] as $field => $label) {
                 if (!isset($data[$field]) || $data[$field] === '' || $data[$field] === null) {
-                    return $label . '不能为空';
+                    return (string) __('Affiliate share/fee rates are required');
                 }
                 $num = (float) $data[$field];
                 if ($num < 0 || $num > 1) {
-                    return $label . '必须在0到1之间';
+                    return (string) __('Affiliate share/fee rates must be between 0 and 1');
                 }
             }
             $ladderErr = $this->validateLadderRulesField($data);
@@ -1262,45 +1262,45 @@ class Channel extends Backend
     {
         $rulesRaw = $data['affiliate_ladder_rules'] ?? null;
         if ($rulesRaw === null || $rulesRaw === '') {
-            return '联营阶梯规则不能为空';
+            return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules are required');
         }
 
         if (is_string($rulesRaw)) {
             $decoded = json_decode($rulesRaw, true);
             if (!is_array($decoded)) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则必须是有效JSON数组';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules must be a valid JSON array');
             }
             $rulesRaw = $decoded;
         }
 
         if (!is_array($rulesRaw) || $rulesRaw === []) {
-            return '联营阶梯规则至少需要一条';
+            return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules must contain at least one row');
         }
 
         $normalized = [];
         $prevMinLoss = null;
         foreach ($rulesRaw as $idx => $rule) {
             if (!is_array($rule)) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则第' . ($idx + 1) . '行格式错误';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules row format error') . ' #' . ($idx + 1);
             }
             $minLoss = $rule['minLoss'] ?? ($rule['min_loss'] ?? null);
             $shareRate = $rule['shareRate'] ?? ($rule['share_rate'] ?? null);
             if ($minLoss === null || $minLoss === '' || !is_numeric((string) $minLoss)) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则第' . ($idx + 1) . '行起始客损格式错误';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules minLoss format error') . ' #' . ($idx + 1);
             }
             if ($shareRate === null || $shareRate === '' || !is_numeric((string) $shareRate)) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则第' . ($idx + 1) . '行占成比例格式错误';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules shareRate format error') . ' #' . ($idx + 1);
             }
             $minLossNum = (float) $minLoss;
             $shareRateNum = (float) $shareRate;
             if ($minLossNum < 0) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则第' . ($idx + 1) . '行起始客损不能为负';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules minLoss cannot be negative') . ' #' . ($idx + 1);
             }
             if ($shareRateNum < 0 || $shareRateNum > 1) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则第' . ($idx + 1) . '行占成比例必须在0到1之间';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules shareRate must be between 0 and 1') . ' #' . ($idx + 1);
             }
             if ($prevMinLoss !== null && $minLossNum <= $prevMinLoss) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则需按起始客损递增';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules must be strictly increasing by minLoss');
             }
             $prevMinLoss = $minLossNum;
             $normalized[] = [
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/admin/AdminWallet.php b/app/admin/controller/admin/AdminWallet.php
index 779dc31..66c0755 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/admin/AdminWallet.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/admin/AdminWallet.php
@@ -81,17 +81,17 @@ class AdminWallet extends Backend
 
     protected function _add(): Response
     {
-        return $this->error('管理员钱包不允许手动新增');
+        return $this->error(__('Admin wallet does not allow manual creation'));
     }
 
     protected function _edit(): Response
     {
-        return $this->error('管理员钱包不允许手动编辑');
+        return $this->error(__('Admin wallet does not allow manual editing'));
     }
 
     protected function _del(): Response
     {
-        return $this->error('管理员钱包不允许删除');
+        return $this->error(__('Admin wallet does not allow deletion'));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/admin/AdminWalletRecord.php b/app/admin/controller/admin/AdminWalletRecord.php
index e7968df..ccacc14 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/admin/AdminWalletRecord.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/admin/AdminWalletRecord.php
@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ class AdminWalletRecord extends Backend
 
     protected function _add(): Response
     {
-        return $this->error('管理员钱包流水不允许手动新增');
+        return $this->error(__('Admin wallet records do not allow manual creation'));
     }
 
     protected function _edit(): Response
     {
-        return $this->error('管理员钱包流水不允许手动编辑');
+        return $this->error(__('Admin wallet records do not allow manual editing'));
     }
 
     protected function _del(): Response
     {
-        return $this->error('管理员钱包流水不允许删除');
+        return $this->error(__('Admin wallet records do not allow deletion'));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/auth/Admin.php b/app/admin/controller/auth/Admin.php
index 77591e9..d5aa039 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/auth/Admin.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/auth/Admin.php
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class Admin extends Backend
             }
             $data = $this->normalizeSingleGroup($data);
             if (!$this->hasSingleGroup($data['group_arr'] ?? null)) {
-                return $this->error('请选择且仅选择一个角色组');
+                return $this->error(__('Please select exactly one role group'));
             }
 
             if ($this->modelValidate) {
@@ -184,10 +184,10 @@ class Admin extends Backend
                     return $this->error(__('You have no permission'));
                 }
                 if ($groupChannelId === null || $groupChannelId === '') {
-                    return $this->error('所选角色组未绑定渠道');
+                    return $this->error(__('Selected role group is not bound to a channel'));
                 }
                 if ((string) $groupChannelId !== (string) $creatorChannelId) {
-                    return $this->error('所选角色组渠道与当前账号不一致');
+                    return $this->error(__('Selected role group channel does not match current account'));
                 }
                 $data['channel_id'] = $creatorChannelId;
                 $data['parent_admin_id'] = $this->auth->id;
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class Admin extends Backend
             }
             $data = $this->normalizeSingleGroup($data);
             if (!$this->hasSingleGroup($data['group_arr'] ?? null)) {
-                return $this->error('请选择且仅选择一个角色组');
+                return $this->error(__('Please select exactly one role group'));
             }
 
             $postedGroups = array_map('intval', $data['group_arr'] ?? []);
@@ -331,10 +331,10 @@ class Admin extends Backend
                     return $this->error(__('You have no permission'));
                 }
                 if ($groupChannelId === null || $groupChannelId === '') {
-                    return $this->error('所选角色组未绑定渠道');
+                    return $this->error(__('Selected role group is not bound to a channel'));
                 }
                 if ((string) $groupChannelId !== (string) $creatorChannelId) {
-                    return $this->error('所选角色组渠道与当前账号不一致');
+                    return $this->error(__('Selected role group channel does not match current account'));
                 }
                 $data['channel_id'] = $creatorChannelId;
             } else {
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/config/DepositChannel.php b/app/admin/controller/config/DepositChannel.php
index badd05f..039320f 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/config/DepositChannel.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/config/DepositChannel.php
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class DepositChannel extends Backend
         }
         $items = $payload['items'] ?? null;
         if (!is_array($items)) {
-            return $this->error('items 必须为数组');
+            return $this->error(__('Items must be an array'));
         }
 
         return $this->persistChannelList($items);
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class DepositChannel extends Backend
             $got = array_column($clean, 'code');
             sort($got);
             if ($expectedCodes !== $got) {
-                return $this->error('请保存全部已注册渠道行（不可缺行）');
+                return $this->error(__('Please save all registered channel rows (no missing rows)'));
             }
             $json = DepositChannelLib::encodeForDb($clean);
         } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ class DepositChannel extends Backend
         $resourceKey = GameHotDataLock::safeResourceKeyForConfig(DepositChannelLib::CONFIG_KEY);
         $lock = GameHotDataLock::tryAcquire(GameHotDataLock::TYPE_GAME_CONFIG, $resourceKey);
         if (!$lock['acquired']) {
-            return $this->error('该配置正在被其他操作占用，请稍后再试');
+            return $this->error(__('This config is locked by another operation, please try again later'));
         }
         try {
             try {
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/config/DepositTier.php b/app/admin/controller/config/DepositTier.php
index 364442e..86f86e4 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/config/DepositTier.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/config/DepositTier.php
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ class DepositTier extends Backend
             }
             $rid = $it['id'] ?? '';
             if (is_string($rid) && $rid === $newId) {
-                return $this->error('档位 ID 已存在');
+                return $this->error(__('Tier ID already exists'));
             }
         }
         $items[] = $this->normalizeFormRow($payload, $newId);
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class DepositTier extends Backend
         }
         $items = $payload['items'] ?? null;
         if (!is_array($items)) {
-            return $this->error('items 必须为数组');
+            return $this->error(__('Items must be an array'));
         }
 
         return $this->persistTierList($items);
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ class DepositTier extends Backend
         $resourceKey = GameHotDataLock::safeResourceKeyForConfig(DepositTierLib::CONFIG_KEY);
         $lock = GameHotDataLock::tryAcquire(GameHotDataLock::TYPE_GAME_CONFIG, $resourceKey);
         if (!$lock['acquired']) {
-            return $this->error('该配置正在被其他操作占用，请稍后再试');
+            return $this->error(__('This config is locked by another operation, please try again later'));
         }
         try {
             try {
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/config/FinanceCashierConfig.php b/app/admin/controller/config/FinanceCashierConfig.php
index c1ad7a6..22611e6 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/config/FinanceCashierConfig.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/config/FinanceCashierConfig.php
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class FinanceCashierConfig extends Backend
         $resourceKey = GameHotDataLock::safeResourceKeyForConfig(FinanceCashierConfigLib::CONFIG_KEY);
         $lock = GameHotDataLock::tryAcquire(GameHotDataLock::TYPE_GAME_CONFIG, $resourceKey);
         if (!$lock['acquired']) {
-            return $this->error('该配置正在被其他操作占用，请稍后再试');
+            return $this->error(__('This config is locked by another operation, please try again later'));
         }
         try {
             try {
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/config/StreakWinReward.php b/app/admin/controller/config/StreakWinReward.php
index e16bf7a..d423563 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/config/StreakWinReward.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/config/StreakWinReward.php
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ class StreakWinReward extends Backend
         }
         $payload = $request->post('rows');
         if (!is_array($payload)) {
-            return $this->error('参数错误');
+            return $this->error(__('Invalid parameters'));
         }
         $encoded = StreakWinRewardLib::encodeForDb($payload);
         $now = time();
         $resourceKey = GameHotDataLock::safeResourceKeyForConfig(StreakWinRewardLib::CONFIG_KEY);
         $lock = GameHotDataLock::tryAcquire(GameHotDataLock::TYPE_GAME_CONFIG, $resourceKey);
         if (!$lock['acquired']) {
-            return $this->error('该配置正在被其他操作占用，请稍后再试');
+            return $this->error(__('This config is locked by another operation, please try again later'));
         }
         try {
             Db::startTrans();
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class StreakWinReward extends Backend
             StreakWinRewardLib::clearCache();
             GameHotDataCoordinator::afterGameConfigKeyCommitted(StreakWinRewardLib::CONFIG_KEY);
 
-            return $this->success('保存成功');
+            return $this->success(__('Saved successfully'));
         } finally {
             GameHotDataLock::release(GameHotDataLock::TYPE_GAME_CONFIG, $resourceKey, $lock['token'], $lock['redis_lock']);
         }
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/config/ZiHuaDictionary.php b/app/admin/controller/config/ZiHuaDictionary.php
index 740d65b..86ff5d6 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/config/ZiHuaDictionary.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/config/ZiHuaDictionary.php
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class ZiHuaDictionary extends Backend
         }
         $items = $payload['items'] ?? null;
         if (!is_array($items)) {
-            return $this->error('items 必须为数组');
+            return $this->error(__('Items must be an array'));
         }
         try {
             $clean = ZiHuaDictionaryLib::prepareItemsForSave($items);
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ZiHuaDictionary extends Backend
         $resourceKey = GameHotDataLock::safeResourceKeyForConfig(ZiHuaDictionaryLib::CONFIG_KEY);
         $lock = GameHotDataLock::tryAcquire(GameHotDataLock::TYPE_GAME_CONFIG, $resourceKey);
         if (!$lock['acquired']) {
-            return $this->error('该配置正在被其他操作占用，请稍后再试');
+            return $this->error(__('This config is locked by another operation, please try again later'));
         }
         try {
             try {
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/game/PlayRecord.php b/app/admin/controller/game/PlayRecord.php
index 335d8b1..785f059 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/game/PlayRecord.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/game/PlayRecord.php
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class PlayRecord extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('游玩记录由游戏接口生成，禁止后台手工新增');
+        return $this->error(__('Play record is generated by game API; manual creation is not allowed'));
     }
 
     public function edit(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class PlayRecord extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('游玩记录不可编辑');
+        return $this->error(__('Play record cannot be edited'));
     }
 
     public function del(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class PlayRecord extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('游玩记录不可删除');
+        return $this->error(__('Play record cannot be deleted'));
     }
 
     public function sortable(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class PlayRecord extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('不支持排序');
+        return $this->error(__('Sorting is not supported'));
     }
 
     protected function _index(): Response
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/game/Record.php b/app/admin/controller/game/Record.php
index 8f8a3b6..7bcc8d5 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/game/Record.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/game/Record.php
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Record extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('游戏对局记录由系统自动生成，禁止后台手工新增');
+        return $this->error(__('Game record is generated by system; manual creation is not allowed'));
     }
 
     public function edit(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class Record extends Backend
             return $response;
         }
         if ($request->method() === 'POST') {
-            return $this->error('游戏对局记录不可编辑');
+            return $this->error(__('Game record cannot be edited'));
         }
         $pk = $this->model->getPk();
         $id = $request->get($pk);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class Record extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('游戏对局记录不可删除');
+        return $this->error(__('Game record cannot be deleted'));
     }
 
     public function abnormalList(WebmanRequest $request): Response
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/game/ZiHuaDictionary.php b/app/admin/controller/game/ZiHuaDictionary.php
index c145648..bcbe0d6 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/game/ZiHuaDictionary.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/game/ZiHuaDictionary.php
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ZiHuaDictionary extends Backend
         }
         $items = $payload['items'] ?? null;
         if (!is_array($items)) {
-            return $this->error('items 必须为数组');
+            return $this->error(__('Items must be an array'));
         }
         try {
             $clean = ZiHuaDictionaryLib::prepareItemsForSave($items);
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ZiHuaDictionary extends Backend
         $resourceKey = GameHotDataLock::safeResourceKeyForConfig(ZiHuaDictionaryLib::CONFIG_KEY);
         $lock = GameHotDataLock::tryAcquire(GameHotDataLock::TYPE_GAME_CONFIG, $resourceKey);
         if (!$lock['acquired']) {
-            return $this->error('该配置正在被其他操作占用，请稍后再试');
+            return $this->error(__('This config is locked by another operation, please try again later'));
         }
         try {
             try {
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/order/AdminWithdrawOrder.php b/app/admin/controller/order/AdminWithdrawOrder.php
index 804c80a..971335f 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/order/AdminWithdrawOrder.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/order/AdminWithdrawOrder.php
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class AdminWithdrawOrder extends Backend
             return $this->error(__('Parameter error'));
         }
         if ($this->request && $this->request->method() === 'POST') {
-            return $this->error('请使用通过/拒绝按钮审核');
+            return $this->error(__('Please use approve/reject buttons to review'));
         }
         $row = $this->loadWithRelations(intval(strval($id)));
         if (!$row) {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class AdminWithdrawOrder extends Backend
             return $this->error(__('You have no permission'));
         }
         if (intval($order['status'] ?? 0) !== 0) {
-            return $this->error('该提现订单已审核');
+            return $this->error(__('This withdraw order has already been reviewed'));
         }
         $remark = trim((string) $request->post('remark', ''));
         Db::startTrans();
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class AdminWithdrawOrder extends Backend
             Db::rollback();
             return $this->error($e->getMessage());
         }
-        return $this->success('审核通过');
+        return $this->success(__('Approved'));
     }
 
     public function reject(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class AdminWithdrawOrder extends Backend
         }
         $remark = trim((string) $request->post('remark', ''));
         if ($remark === '') {
-            return $this->error('请填写拒绝原因');
+            return $this->error(__('Please provide reject reason'));
         }
         $order = Db::name('admin_withdraw_order')->where('id', $id)->find();
         if (!is_array($order)) {
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class AdminWithdrawOrder extends Backend
             return $this->error(__('You have no permission'));
         }
         if (intval($order['status'] ?? 0) !== 0) {
-            return $this->error('该提现订单已审核');
+            return $this->error(__('This withdraw order has already been reviewed'));
         }
         Db::startTrans();
         try {
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class AdminWithdrawOrder extends Backend
             Db::rollback();
             return $this->error($e->getMessage());
         }
-        return $this->success('审核拒绝完成');
+        return $this->success(__('Rejected'));
     }
 
     public function stats(WebmanRequest $request): Response
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/order/BetOrder.php b/app/admin/controller/order/BetOrder.php
index 2ff9a19..c27643f 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/order/BetOrder.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/order/BetOrder.php
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class BetOrder extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('注单由游戏接口生成，禁止后台手工新增');
+        return $this->error(__('Bet order is generated by game API; manual creation is not allowed'));
     }
 
     public function edit(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class BetOrder extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('注单不可编辑');
+        return $this->error(__('Bet order cannot be edited'));
     }
 
     public function del(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class BetOrder extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('注单不可删除');
+        return $this->error(__('Bet order cannot be deleted'));
     }
 
     public function sortable(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class BetOrder extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('不支持排序');
+        return $this->error(__('Sorting is not supported'));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/order/DepositOrder.php b/app/admin/controller/order/DepositOrder.php
index 048e1ff..30e411a 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/order/DepositOrder.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/order/DepositOrder.php
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class DepositOrder extends Backend
         }
 
         if ($this->request && $this->request->method() === 'POST') {
-            return $this->error('充值订单为自动入账，禁止直接修改，如需补单请走专用工具');
+            return $this->error(__('Deposit orders are auto-settled; direct modification is not allowed. Use the dedicated tool for manual adjustment.'));
         }
 
         $row = $this->loadWithRelations(intval(strval($id)));
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/order/WithdrawOrder.php b/app/admin/controller/order/WithdrawOrder.php
index d94badf..00a8eca 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/order/WithdrawOrder.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/order/WithdrawOrder.php
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
 
         if ($this->request && $this->request->method() === 'POST') {
             // 历史 CRUD 的 POST 编辑已被 approve/reject 替代，这里阻止直接改金额绕过审核流程
-            return $this->error('请使用通过/拒绝按钮完成审核');
+            return $this->error(__('Please use approve/reject buttons to complete the review'));
         }
 
         $row = $this->loadWithRelations(intval(strval($id)));
@@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
         $newAmount = $this->decimalParam($request->post('amount'), '0');
         $newFee = $this->decimalParam($request->post('fee'), '0');
         if (bccomp($newAmount, '0', 2) <= 0) {
-            return $this->error('申请金额必须大于 0');
+            return $this->error(__('Apply amount must be greater than 0'));
         }
         if (bccomp($newFee, '0', 2) < 0) {
-            return $this->error('手续费不能为负');
+            return $this->error(__('Fee cannot be negative'));
         }
         if (bccomp($newFee, $newAmount, 2) > 0) {
-            return $this->error('手续费不能大于申请金额');
+            return $this->error(__('Fee cannot be greater than apply amount'));
         }
         $newActual = bcsub($newAmount, $newFee, 2);
 
@@ -141,12 +141,12 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
         }
         $currentStatus = $this->intParam($order['status'] ?? 0);
         if ($currentStatus !== 0) {
-            return $this->error('该订单已审核，无需重复操作');
+            return $this->error(__('This order has already been reviewed'));
         }
 
         $userId = $this->intParam($order['user_id'] ?? 0);
         if ($userId <= 0) {
-            return $this->error('订单缺少用户信息');
+            return $this->error(__('Order is missing user info'));
         }
         $oldAmount = bcadd(strval($order['amount'] ?? '0'), '0', 2);
         $diff = bcsub($newAmount, $oldAmount, 2);
@@ -173,12 +173,12 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
                 $userRow = Db::name('user')->where('id', $userId)->find();
                 if (!$userRow) {
                     Db::rollback();
-                    return $this->error('关联用户不存在');
+                    return $this->error(__('Related user does not exist'));
                 }
                 $beforeCoin = bcadd(strval($userRow['coin'] ?? '0'), '0', 2);
                 if (bccomp($beforeCoin, $diff, 2) < 0) {
                     Db::rollback();
-                    return $this->error('用户余额不足以补扣调整差额');
+                    return $this->error(__('User balance is insufficient to cover the adjustment difference'));
                 }
                 $afterCoin = bcsub($beforeCoin, $diff, 2);
                 Db::name('user')->where('id', $userId)->update([
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
                 $userRow = Db::name('user')->where('id', $userId)->find();
                 if (!$userRow) {
                     Db::rollback();
-                    return $this->error('关联用户不存在');
+                    return $this->error(__('Related user does not exist'));
                 }
                 $beforeCoin = bcadd(strval($userRow['coin'] ?? '0'), '0', 2);
                 $afterCoin = bcadd($beforeCoin, $abs, 2);
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
             return $this->error($e->getMessage());
         }
 
-        return $this->success('审核通过', [
+        return $this->success(__('Approved'), [
             'id'            => $id,
             'amount'        => $newAmount,
             'fee'           => $newFee,
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
         $remarkRaw = $request->post('remark');
         $remark = is_string($remarkRaw) ? trim($remarkRaw) : '';
         if ($remark === '') {
-            return $this->error('请填写拒绝原因');
+            return $this->error(__('Please provide reject reason'));
         }
 
         $order = Db::name('withdraw_order')->where('id', $id)->find();
@@ -293,12 +293,12 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
         }
         $currentStatus = $this->intParam($order['status'] ?? 0);
         if ($currentStatus !== 0) {
-            return $this->error('该订单已审核，无需重复操作');
+            return $this->error(__('This order has already been reviewed'));
         }
 
         $userId = $this->intParam($order['user_id'] ?? 0);
         if ($userId <= 0) {
-            return $this->error('订单缺少用户信息');
+            return $this->error(__('Order is missing user info'));
         }
         $amount = bcadd(strval($order['amount'] ?? '0'), '0', 2);
         $channelIdRaw = $order['channel_id'] ?? null;
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
             $userRow = Db::name('user')->where('id', $userId)->find();
             if (!$userRow) {
                 Db::rollback();
-                return $this->error('关联用户不存在');
+                return $this->error(__('Related user does not exist'));
             }
             $beforeCoin = bcadd(strval($userRow['coin'] ?? '0'), '0', 2);
             $afterCoin = bcadd($beforeCoin, $amount, 2);
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ class WithdrawOrder extends Backend
             return $this->error($e->getMessage());
         }
 
-        return $this->success('审核已拒绝', [
+        return $this->success(__('Rejected'), [
             'id'     => $id,
             'status' => 2,
             'remark' => $remark,
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/routine/AdminInfo.php b/app/admin/controller/routine/AdminInfo.php
index ce69e7e..a2dc98b 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/routine/AdminInfo.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/routine/AdminInfo.php
@@ -164,18 +164,18 @@ class AdminInfo extends Backend
         $receiveType = trim(is_string($request->post('receive_type', '')) ? $request->post('receive_type', '') : '');
         $idempotencyKey = trim(is_string($request->post('idempotency_key', '')) ? $request->post('idempotency_key', '') : '');
         if ($withdrawCoin === '' || $receiveAccount === '' || $receiveType === '' || $idempotencyKey === '') {
-            return $this->error('参数缺失');
+            return $this->error(__('Missing required parameters'));
         }
         if (mb_strlen($idempotencyKey) > 64) {
-            return $this->error('幂等键过长');
+            return $this->error(__('Idempotency key is too long'));
         }
         if (!is_numeric($withdrawCoin) || bccomp($withdrawCoin, '0', 2) <= 0) {
-            return $this->error('提现金额必须大于0');
+            return $this->error(__('Withdraw amount must be greater than 0'));
         }
         $withdrawCoin = bcadd($withdrawCoin, '0', 2);
         $allowedReceiveTypes = ['bank', 'ewallet', 'crypto'];
         if (!in_array($receiveType, $allowedReceiveTypes, true)) {
-            return $this->error('收款类型不合法，仅支持 bank/ewallet/crypto');
+            return $this->error(__('Invalid receive type; only bank/ewallet/crypto are supported'));
         }
         $remark = trim((string) $request->post('remark', ''));
         $admin = Db::name('admin')->field(['id', 'channel_id'])->where('id', $adminId)->find();
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ class AdminInfo extends Backend
             $res = AdminWalletService::applyWithdraw($adminId, $channelId, $withdrawCoin, $receiveType, $receiveAccount, $idempotencyKey, $remark);
             if (($res['ok'] ?? false) !== true) {
                 Db::rollback();
-                return $this->error(strval($res['msg'] ?? '提现申请失败'));
+                return $this->error(strval($res['msg'] ?? __('Withdraw apply failed')));
             }
             Db::commit();
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
             Db::rollback();
             return $this->error($e->getMessage());
         }
-        return $this->success('提现申请已提交，待渠道超管审核', [
+        return $this->success(__('Withdraw request submitted; pending channel super admin review'), [
             'order_id' => intval($res['order_id'] ?? 0),
             'order_no' => strval($res['order_no'] ?? ''),
             'idempotent_hit' => !empty($res['idempotent_hit']),
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/user/User.php b/app/admin/controller/user/User.php
index 4ef282a..84030dd 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/user/User.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/user/User.php
@@ -234,16 +234,16 @@ class User extends Backend
         $opRaw = $request->post('op');
         $op = is_string($opRaw) ? trim($opRaw) : '';
         if (!in_array($op, ['credit', 'deduct'], true)) {
-            return $this->error('操作类型不正确');
+            return $this->error(__('Invalid operation type'));
         }
 
         $amountRaw = $request->post('amount');
         $amountText = is_string($amountRaw) || is_numeric($amountRaw) ? trim(strval($amountRaw)) : '';
         if ($amountText === '' || !is_numeric($amountText)) {
-            return $this->error('金额格式不正确');
+            return $this->error(__('Invalid amount format'));
         }
         if (bccomp($amountText, '0', 2) <= 0) {
-            return $this->error('金额必须大于0');
+            return $this->error(__('Amount must be greater than 0'));
         }
 
         $remarkRaw = $request->post('remark');
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class User extends Backend
 
         $lock = GameHotDataRedis::userAdminMutationLockTry($userId);
         if (!$lock['acquired']) {
-            return $this->error('该用户正在被其他管理员操作（钱包/并发保存），请稍后再试');
+            return $this->error(__('This user is being operated by another admin (wallet/concurrent save); please try again later'));
         }
 
         try {
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class User extends Backend
                 $direction = 1;
             } else {
                 if (bccomp($before, $delta, 2) < 0) {
-                    return $this->error('余额不足，扣点失败');
+                    return $this->error(__('Insufficient balance; deduction failed'));
                 }
                 $after = bcsub($before, $delta, 2);
                 $bizType = 'admin_deduct';
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ class User extends Backend
                 ]);
                 if ($affected !== 1) {
                     Db::rollback();
-                    return $this->error('保存失败：该用户余额已被其他请求修改（如下注、派彩或其他管理员已保存），请刷新后重试');
+                    return $this->error(__('Save failed: user balance changed by another request; please refresh and retry'));
                 }
 
                 Db::name('user_wallet_record')->insert([
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class User extends Backend
 
             GameHotDataCoordinator::afterUserCommitted($userId);
 
-            return $this->success('钱包调整成功', [
+            return $this->success(__('Wallet adjusted successfully'), [
                 'user_id' => $userId,
                 'coin_before' => self::formatAmountForDisplay($before),
                 'coin_after' => self::formatAmountForDisplay($after),
diff --git a/app/admin/controller/user/UserWalletRecord.php b/app/admin/controller/user/UserWalletRecord.php
index f4cd866..9f76bf9 100644
--- a/app/admin/controller/user/UserWalletRecord.php
+++ b/app/admin/controller/user/UserWalletRecord.php
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class UserWalletRecord extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('钱包流水仅允许业务入账，禁止后台手工新增');
+        return $this->error(__('Wallet records are business-generated; manual creation is not allowed'));
     }
 
     public function edit(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class UserWalletRecord extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('钱包流水不可编辑');
+        return $this->error(__('Wallet record cannot be edited'));
     }
 
     public function del(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class UserWalletRecord extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('钱包流水不可删除');
+        return $this->error(__('Wallet record cannot be deleted'));
     }
 
     public function sortable(WebmanRequest $request): Response
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class UserWalletRecord extends Backend
         if ($response !== null) {
             return $response;
         }
-        return $this->error('不支持排序');
+        return $this->error(__('Sorting is not supported'));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/app/api/controller/Finance.php b/app/api/controller/Finance.php
index dfe1eb4..a1797ad 100644
--- a/app/api/controller/Finance.php
+++ b/app/api/controller/Finance.php
@@ -304,7 +304,8 @@ class Finance extends MobileBase
             }
             $msgEsc = htmlspecialchars($msg, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
 
-            return response('<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>充值</title></head><body><p>' . $msgEsc . '</p></body></html>', 200, [
+            $title = htmlspecialchars((string) __('Deposit'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+            return response('<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>' . $title . '</title></head><body><p>' . $msgEsc . '</p></body></html>', 200, [
                 'Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=utf-8',
             ]);
         }
@@ -313,16 +314,27 @@ class Finance extends MobileBase
         $noEsc = htmlspecialchars($orderNo, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
         $signEsc = htmlspecialchars($sign, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
         $payChannel = is_string($order->pay_channel) ? htmlspecialchars($order->pay_channel, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') : '';
-        $html = '<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>模拟支付</title></head><body style="font-family:system-ui;padding:1rem">';
-        $html .= '<h2>模拟第三方收银台</h2>';
-        $html .= '<p>订单号：' . $noEsc . '</p>';
-        $html .= '<p>支付渠道：' . $payChannel . '</p>';
-        $html .= '<p>金额（法币/标价）：' . htmlspecialchars($amount, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') . ' + 赠送 ' . htmlspecialchars($bonus, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') . '（币）</p>';
-        $html .= '<p>点击下方按钮即视为<strong>第三方支付成功</strong>，服务端会回调并到账。</p>';
+        $tMockPay = htmlspecialchars((string) __('Mock payment'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+        $tCashier = htmlspecialchars((string) __('Mock third-party cashier'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+        $tOrderNo = htmlspecialchars((string) __('Order No'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+        $tPayChannel = htmlspecialchars((string) __('Pay channel'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+        $tAmountLabel = htmlspecialchars((string) __('Amount (fiat/pricing)'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+        $tBonus = htmlspecialchars((string) __('Bonus'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+        $tCoin = htmlspecialchars((string) __('coin'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+        $tHint = (string) __('Click the button below to simulate successful third-party payment; the server will callback and settle the deposit.');
+        $tHintEsc = htmlspecialchars($tHint, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+        $tConfirm = htmlspecialchars((string) __('Confirm payment (simulate success)'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+
+        $html = '<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>' . $tMockPay . '</title></head><body style="font-family:system-ui;padding:1rem">';
+        $html .= '<h2>' . $tCashier . '</h2>';
+        $html .= '<p>' . $tOrderNo . ': ' . $noEsc . '</p>';
+        $html .= '<p>' . $tPayChannel . ': ' . $payChannel . '</p>';
+        $html .= '<p>' . $tAmountLabel . ': ' . htmlspecialchars($amount, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') . ' + ' . $tBonus . ' ' . htmlspecialchars($bonus, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') . ' (' . $tCoin . ')</p>';
+        $html .= '<p>' . $tHintEsc . '</p>';
         $html .= '<form method="post" action="/api/finance/depositMockNotify" style="margin-top:1rem">';
         $html .= '<input type="hidden" name="order_no" value="' . $noEsc . '">';
         $html .= '<input type="hidden" name="sign" value="' . $signEsc . '">';
-        $html .= '<button type="submit" style="padding:0.5rem 1rem">确认支付（模拟成功）</button>';
+        $html .= '<button type="submit" style="padding:0.5rem 1rem">' . $tConfirm . '</button>';
         $html .= '</form></body></html>';
 
         return response($html, 200, [
@@ -373,7 +385,7 @@ class Finance extends MobileBase
                 'channel_code=' . $pc
             );
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            return $this->mobileError(2000, $e->getMessage());
+            return $this->mobileError(2000, (string) __($e->getMessage()));
         }
         $fresh = DepositOrder::where('order_no', $orderNo)->find();
         if (!$fresh) {
diff --git a/app/api/controller/Game.php b/app/api/controller/Game.php
index 61db76f..dc13020 100644
--- a/app/api/controller/Game.php
+++ b/app/api/controller/Game.php
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class Game extends MobileBase
 
         $lock = GameHotDataRedis::userAdminMutationLockTry($userId);
         if (!$lock['acquired']) {
-            return $this->mobileError(5000, '该用户正在被其他管理员操作（钱包/并发保存），请稍后再试');
+            return $this->mobileError(5000, (string) __('This user is being operated by another admin (wallet/concurrent save); please try again later'));
         }
 
         try {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class Game extends MobileBase
                 ]);
                 if ($affected !== 1) {
                     Db::rollback();
-                    return $this->mobileError(5000, '扣款失败：该用户余额已被其他请求修改（如下注、派彩或其他管理员已保存），请刷新后重试');
+                    return $this->mobileError(5000, (string) __('Debit failed: user balance changed by another request; please refresh and retry'));
                 }
 
                 UserWalletRecord::create([
diff --git a/app/common/lang/en/service.php b/app/common/lang/en/service.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb1b262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/common/lang/en/service.php
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+return [
+    'Channel not found' => 'Channel not found',
+    'Settlement number conflict, please retry' => 'Settlement number conflict, please retry',
+    'No available admin share ratios under this channel; cannot settle' => 'No available admin share ratios under this channel; cannot settle',
+    'This flow pays commissions automatically after super admin settlement; channel admin does not need to settle again' => 'This flow pays commissions automatically after super admin settlement; channel admin does not need to settle again',
+    'Invalid channel data' => 'Invalid channel data',
+    'Invalid settlement period (start time is not earlier than now)' => 'Invalid settlement period (start time is not earlier than now)',
+    'Turnover agent commission rate is not configured' => 'Turnover agent commission rate is not configured',
+    'Affiliate agent fee rate is not configured' => 'Affiliate agent fee rate is not configured',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules are empty or invalid' => 'Affiliate ladder rules are empty or invalid',
+    'Unknown agent mode' => 'Unknown agent mode',
+
+    'Manual create next round is disabled' => 'Manual create next round is disabled',
+    'There is an unfinished round; cannot create a new one' => 'There is an unfinished round; cannot create a new one',
+    'New round created' => 'New round created',
+
+    'Idempotency key conflict' => 'Idempotency key conflict',
+    'Insufficient wallet balance' => 'Insufficient wallet balance',
+
+    'Game record is generated by system; manual creation is not allowed' => 'Game record is generated by system; manual creation is not allowed',
+    'Game record cannot be edited' => 'Game record cannot be edited',
+    'Game record cannot be deleted' => 'Game record cannot be deleted',
+
+    'Bet order is generated by game API; manual creation is not allowed' => 'Bet order is generated by game API; manual creation is not allowed',
+    'Bet order cannot be edited' => 'Bet order cannot be edited',
+    'Bet order cannot be deleted' => 'Bet order cannot be deleted',
+    'Sorting is not supported' => 'Sorting is not supported',
+
+    'Play record is generated by game API; manual creation is not allowed' => 'Play record is generated by game API; manual creation is not allowed',
+    'Play record cannot be edited' => 'Play record cannot be edited',
+    'Play record cannot be deleted' => 'Play record cannot be deleted',
+
+    'Wallet records are business-generated; manual creation is not allowed' => 'Wallet records are business-generated; manual creation is not allowed',
+    'Wallet record cannot be edited' => 'Wallet record cannot be edited',
+    'Wallet record cannot be deleted' => 'Wallet record cannot be deleted',
+
+    'Admin wallet does not allow manual creation' => 'Admin wallet does not allow manual creation',
+    'Admin wallet does not allow manual editing' => 'Admin wallet does not allow manual editing',
+    'Admin wallet does not allow deletion' => 'Admin wallet does not allow deletion',
+
+    'Admin wallet records do not allow manual creation' => 'Admin wallet records do not allow manual creation',
+    'Admin wallet records do not allow manual editing' => 'Admin wallet records do not allow manual editing',
+    'Admin wallet records do not allow deletion' => 'Admin wallet records do not allow deletion',
+
+    'Invalid parameters' => 'Invalid parameters',
+    'This config is locked by another operation, please try again later' => 'This config is locked by another operation, please try again later',
+    'Saved successfully' => 'Saved successfully',
+
+    'Please use approve/reject buttons to review' => 'Please use approve/reject buttons to review',
+    'This withdraw order has already been reviewed' => 'This withdraw order has already been reviewed',
+    'Approved' => 'Approved',
+    'Please provide reject reason' => 'Please provide reject reason',
+    'Rejected' => 'Rejected',
+
+    'Deposit orders are auto-settled; direct modification is not allowed. Use the dedicated tool for manual adjustment.' => 'Deposit orders are auto-settled; direct modification is not allowed. Use the dedicated tool for manual adjustment.',
+
+    'Missing required parameters' => 'Missing required parameters',
+    'Idempotency key is too long' => 'Idempotency key is too long',
+    'Withdraw amount must be greater than 0' => 'Withdraw amount must be greater than 0',
+    'Invalid receive type; only bank/ewallet/crypto are supported' => 'Invalid receive type; only bank/ewallet/crypto are supported',
+    'Withdraw request submitted; pending channel super admin review' => 'Withdraw request submitted; pending channel super admin review',
+
+    'Tier ID already exists' => 'Tier ID already exists',
+    'Items must be an array' => 'Items must be an array',
+    'Please save all registered channel rows (no missing rows)' => 'Please save all registered channel rows (no missing rows)',
+
+    'Please use approve/reject buttons to complete the review' => 'Please use approve/reject buttons to complete the review',
+    'Apply amount must be greater than 0' => 'Apply amount must be greater than 0',
+    'Fee cannot be negative' => 'Fee cannot be negative',
+    'Fee cannot be greater than apply amount' => 'Fee cannot be greater than apply amount',
+    'This order has already been reviewed' => 'This order has already been reviewed',
+    'Order is missing user info' => 'Order is missing user info',
+    'Related user does not exist' => 'Related user does not exist',
+    'User balance is insufficient to cover the adjustment difference' => 'User balance is insufficient to cover the adjustment difference',
+
+    'Please select exactly one role group' => 'Please select exactly one role group',
+    'Selected role group is not bound to a channel' => 'Selected role group is not bound to a channel',
+    'Selected role group channel does not match current account' => 'Selected role group channel does not match current account',
+
+    'Invalid operation type' => 'Invalid operation type',
+    'Invalid amount format' => 'Invalid amount format',
+    'Amount must be greater than 0' => 'Amount must be greater than 0',
+    'This user is being operated by another admin (wallet/concurrent save); please try again later' => 'This user is being operated by another admin (wallet/concurrent save); please try again later',
+    'Insufficient balance; deduction failed' => 'Insufficient balance; deduction failed',
+    'Save failed: user balance changed by another request; please refresh and retry' => 'Save failed: user balance changed by another request; please refresh and retry',
+    'Wallet adjusted successfully' => 'Wallet adjusted successfully',
+
+    'Please configure at least one share record' => 'Please configure at least one share record',
+    'There are no admins under this channel; cannot configure share ratios' => 'There are no admins under this channel; cannot configure share ratios',
+    'Share ratio must be between 0 and 100' => 'Share ratio must be between 0 and 100',
+    'Please configure at least one valid share record' => 'Please configure at least one valid share record',
+    'Sum of enabled share ratios must equal 100' => 'Sum of enabled share ratios must equal 100',
+    'Share ratios saved successfully' => 'Share ratios saved successfully',
+    'Only super admin can settle; after settlement, commissions will be automatically paid to admin wallets' => 'Only super admin can settle; after settlement, commissions will be automatically paid to admin wallets',
+    'Settlement failed' => 'Settlement failed',
+    'Super admin settlement completed; paid automatically by share ratios' => 'Super admin settlement completed; paid automatically by share ratios',
+    'Batch settlement completed' => 'Batch settlement completed',
+
+    'Invalid settlement cycle' => 'Invalid settlement cycle',
+    'Invalid settlement time format (HH:mm:ss)' => 'Invalid settlement time format (HH:mm:ss)',
+    'Weekly settlement must select Monday to Sunday' => 'Weekly settlement must select Monday to Sunday',
+    'Monthly settlement day must be between 1 and 31' => 'Monthly settlement day must be between 1 and 31',
+    'Turnover commission rate must be between 0 and 100' => 'Turnover commission rate must be between 0 and 100',
+    'Affiliate share/fee rates are required' => 'Affiliate share/fee rates are required',
+    'Affiliate share/fee rates must be between 0 and 1' => 'Affiliate share/fee rates must be between 0 and 1',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules are required' => 'Affiliate ladder rules are required',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules must be a valid JSON array' => 'Affiliate ladder rules must be a valid JSON array',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules must contain at least one row' => 'Affiliate ladder rules must contain at least one row',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules row format error' => 'Affiliate ladder rules row format error',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules minLoss format error' => 'Affiliate ladder rules minLoss format error',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules shareRate format error' => 'Affiliate ladder rules shareRate format error',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules minLoss cannot be negative' => 'Affiliate ladder rules minLoss cannot be negative',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules shareRate must be between 0 and 1' => 'Affiliate ladder rules shareRate must be between 0 and 1',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules must be strictly increasing by minLoss' => 'Affiliate ladder rules must be strictly increasing by minLoss',
+
+    'Withdraw apply failed' => 'Withdraw apply failed',
+
+    'Debit failed: user balance changed by another request; please refresh and retry' => 'Debit failed: user balance changed by another request; please refresh and retry',
+
+    'Deposit' => 'Deposit',
+    'Mock payment' => 'Mock payment',
+    'Mock third-party cashier' => 'Mock third-party cashier',
+    'Order No' => 'Order No',
+    'Pay channel' => 'Pay channel',
+    'Amount (fiat/pricing)' => 'Amount (fiat/pricing)',
+    'Bonus' => 'Bonus',
+    'coin' => 'coin',
+    'Click the button below to simulate successful third-party payment; the server will callback and settle the deposit.' => 'Click the button below to simulate successful third-party payment; the server will callback and settle the deposit.',
+    'Confirm payment (simulate success)' => 'Confirm payment (simulate success)',
+
+    'Order id is invalid' => 'Order id is invalid',
+    'Order does not exist' => 'Order does not exist',
+    'Order number is empty' => 'Order number is empty',
+    'Order status does not allow settlement' => 'Order status does not allow settlement',
+    'Order amount is invalid' => 'Order amount is invalid',
+    'Order user is invalid' => 'Order user is invalid',
+    'User does not exist' => 'User does not exist',
+    'Order state changed, please refresh and retry' => 'Order state changed, please refresh and retry',
+
+    'Row format error' => 'Row format error',
+    'Channel code is not registered' => 'Channel code is not registered',
+    'Duplicate channel code' => 'Duplicate channel code',
+    'Invalid channel row data' => 'Invalid channel row data',
+    'JSON encode failed' => 'JSON encode failed',
+
+    'Tier id is invalid' => 'Tier id is invalid',
+    'Duplicate tier id' => 'Duplicate tier id',
+    'Tier title (zh) is required' => 'Tier title (zh) is required',
+    'Tier title (zh) is too long' => 'Tier title (zh) is too long',
+    'Tier title (en) is too long' => 'Tier title (en) is too long',
+    'Currency is required' => 'Currency is required',
+    'Pay amount must be greater than 0' => 'Pay amount must be greater than 0',
+    'Base credit amount must be greater than 0' => 'Base credit amount must be greater than 0',
+    'Bonus amount cannot be negative' => 'Bonus amount cannot be negative',
+    'Description (zh) is too long' => 'Description (zh) is too long',
+    'Description (en) is too long' => 'Description (en) is too long',
+
+    'platform_coin format error' => 'platform_coin format error',
+    'Platform coin labels (zh/en) are required' => 'Platform coin labels (zh/en) are required',
+    'At least one currency is required' => 'At least one currency is required',
+    'Currency row format error' => 'Currency row format error',
+    'Currency code is invalid' => 'Currency code is invalid',
+    'Duplicate currency code' => 'Duplicate currency code',
+    'Deposit rate must be a number greater than 0' => 'Deposit rate must be a number greater than 0',
+    'Withdraw rate must be a number greater than 0' => 'Withdraw rate must be a number greater than 0',
+    'Bank row format error' => 'Bank row format error',
+    'Bank code is invalid' => 'Bank code is invalid',
+    'Duplicate bank code' => 'Duplicate bank code',
+    'Withdraw min limit must be a number not less than 0' => 'Withdraw min limit must be a number not less than 0',
+    'Please configure deposit channels' => 'Please configure deposit channels',
+
+    'Must be exactly 36 items' => 'Must be exactly 36 items',
+    'No must be numeric' => 'No must be numeric',
+    'No must be between 1 and 36' => 'No must be between 1 and 36',
+    'Duplicate no' => 'Duplicate no',
+    'Name is required' => 'Name is required',
+    'Category is invalid' => 'Category is invalid',
+    'Missing no' => 'Missing no',
+
+    'Failed to generate commission rows' => 'Failed to generate commission rows',
+];
+
diff --git a/app/common/lang/zh-cn/service.php b/app/common/lang/zh-cn/service.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..393c605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/common/lang/zh-cn/service.php
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+return [
+    'Channel not found' => '渠道不存在',
+    'Settlement number conflict, please retry' => '结算单号冲突，请重试',
+    'No available admin share ratios under this channel; cannot settle' => '渠道下无可用管理员分配比例，无法结算',
+    'This flow pays commissions automatically after super admin settlement; channel admin does not need to settle again' => '当前流程为超管结算后自动发放，渠道管理员无需二次结算',
+    'Invalid channel data' => '渠道数据异常',
+    'Invalid settlement period (start time is not earlier than now)' => '结算区间无效（开始时间不早于当前）',
+    'Turnover agent commission rate is not configured' => '普通返水代理未配置返水分红比例',
+    'Affiliate agent fee rate is not configured' => '联营代理未配置成本扣除比例',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules are empty or invalid' => '联营阶梯规则无效或为空',
+    'Unknown agent mode' => '未知的代理模式',
+
+    'Manual create next round is disabled' => '未开启「手动创建下一局」开关',
+    'There is an unfinished round; cannot create a new one' => '存在未结束对局，无法新建',
+    'New round created' => '已创建新对局',
+
+    'Idempotency key conflict' => '幂等键冲突',
+    'Insufficient wallet balance' => '钱包余额不足',
+
+    'Game record is generated by system; manual creation is not allowed' => '游戏对局记录由系统自动生成，禁止后台手工新增',
+    'Game record cannot be edited' => '游戏对局记录不可编辑',
+    'Game record cannot be deleted' => '游戏对局记录不可删除',
+
+    'Bet order is generated by game API; manual creation is not allowed' => '注单由游戏接口生成，禁止后台手工新增',
+    'Bet order cannot be edited' => '注单不可编辑',
+    'Bet order cannot be deleted' => '注单不可删除',
+    'Sorting is not supported' => '不支持排序',
+
+    'Play record is generated by game API; manual creation is not allowed' => '游玩记录由游戏接口生成，禁止后台手工新增',
+    'Play record cannot be edited' => '游玩记录不可编辑',
+    'Play record cannot be deleted' => '游玩记录不可删除',
+
+    'Wallet records are business-generated; manual creation is not allowed' => '钱包流水仅允许业务入账，禁止后台手工新增',
+    'Wallet record cannot be edited' => '钱包流水不可编辑',
+    'Wallet record cannot be deleted' => '钱包流水不可删除',
+
+    'Admin wallet does not allow manual creation' => '管理员钱包不允许手动新增',
+    'Admin wallet does not allow manual editing' => '管理员钱包不允许手动编辑',
+    'Admin wallet does not allow deletion' => '管理员钱包不允许删除',
+
+    'Admin wallet records do not allow manual creation' => '管理员钱包流水不允许手动新增',
+    'Admin wallet records do not allow manual editing' => '管理员钱包流水不允许手动编辑',
+    'Admin wallet records do not allow deletion' => '管理员钱包流水不允许删除',
+
+    'Invalid parameters' => '参数错误',
+    'This config is locked by another operation, please try again later' => '该配置正在被其他操作占用，请稍后再试',
+    'Saved successfully' => '保存成功',
+
+    'Please use approve/reject buttons to review' => '请使用通过/拒绝按钮审核',
+    'This withdraw order has already been reviewed' => '该提现订单已审核',
+    'Approved' => '审核通过',
+    'Please provide reject reason' => '请填写拒绝原因',
+    'Rejected' => '审核拒绝完成',
+
+    'Deposit orders are auto-settled; direct modification is not allowed. Use the dedicated tool for manual adjustment.' => '充值订单为自动入账，禁止直接修改，如需补单请走专用工具',
+
+    'Missing required parameters' => '参数缺失',
+    'Idempotency key is too long' => '幂等键过长',
+    'Withdraw amount must be greater than 0' => '提现金额必须大于0',
+    'Invalid receive type; only bank/ewallet/crypto are supported' => '收款类型不合法，仅支持 bank/ewallet/crypto',
+    'Withdraw request submitted; pending channel super admin review' => '提现申请已提交，待渠道超管审核',
+
+    'Tier ID already exists' => '档位 ID 已存在',
+    'Items must be an array' => 'items 必须为数组',
+    'Please save all registered channel rows (no missing rows)' => '请保存全部已注册渠道行（不可缺行）',
+
+    'Please use approve/reject buttons to complete the review' => '请使用通过/拒绝按钮完成审核',
+    'Apply amount must be greater than 0' => '申请金额必须大于 0',
+    'Fee cannot be negative' => '手续费不能为负',
+    'Fee cannot be greater than apply amount' => '手续费不能大于申请金额',
+    'This order has already been reviewed' => '该订单已审核，无需重复操作',
+    'Order is missing user info' => '订单缺少用户信息',
+    'Related user does not exist' => '关联用户不存在',
+    'User balance is insufficient to cover the adjustment difference' => '用户余额不足以补扣调整差额',
+
+    'Please select exactly one role group' => '请选择且仅选择一个角色组',
+    'Selected role group is not bound to a channel' => '所选角色组未绑定渠道',
+    'Selected role group channel does not match current account' => '所选角色组渠道与当前账号不一致',
+
+    'Invalid operation type' => '操作类型不正确',
+    'Invalid amount format' => '金额格式不正确',
+    'Amount must be greater than 0' => '金额必须大于0',
+    'This user is being operated by another admin (wallet/concurrent save); please try again later' => '该用户正在被其他管理员操作（钱包/并发保存），请稍后再试',
+    'Insufficient balance; deduction failed' => '余额不足，扣点失败',
+    'Save failed: user balance changed by another request; please refresh and retry' => '保存失败：该用户余额已被其他请求修改（如下注、派彩或其他管理员已保存），请刷新后重试',
+    'Wallet adjusted successfully' => '钱包调整成功',
+
+    'Please configure at least one share record' => '请至少配置一条分配记录',
+    'There are no admins under this channel; cannot configure share ratios' => '该渠道下暂无管理员，无法配置分配比例',
+    'Share ratio must be between 0 and 100' => '分配比例必须在0到100之间',
+    'Please configure at least one valid share record' => '请至少配置一条有效分配记录',
+    'Sum of enabled share ratios must equal 100' => '启用的分配比例总和必须等于100',
+    'Share ratios saved successfully' => '分配比例保存成功',
+    'Only super admin can settle; after settlement, commissions will be automatically paid to admin wallets' => '仅超管可执行结算，结算后系统会自动发放至管理员钱包',
+    'Settlement failed' => '结算失败',
+    'Super admin settlement completed; paid automatically by share ratios' => '超管结算完成，已按分配比例自动发放给管理员',
+    'Batch settlement completed' => '批量结算完成',
+
+    'Invalid settlement cycle' => '结算周期不合法',
+    'Invalid settlement time format (HH:mm:ss)' => '结算时间格式不正确（HH:mm:ss）',
+    'Weekly settlement must select Monday to Sunday' => '周结必须选择周一到周日',
+    'Monthly settlement day must be between 1 and 31' => '月结日期必须在1到31之间',
+    'Turnover commission rate must be between 0 and 100' => '返水分红比例必须在0到100之间',
+    'Affiliate share/fee rates are required' => '联营占成比例不能为空',
+    'Affiliate share/fee rates must be between 0 and 1' => '联营占成比例必须在0到1之间',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules are required' => '联营阶梯规则不能为空',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules must be a valid JSON array' => '联营阶梯规则必须是有效JSON数组',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules must contain at least one row' => '联营阶梯规则至少需要一条',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules row format error' => '联营阶梯规则行格式错误',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules minLoss format error' => '联营阶梯规则起始客损格式错误',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules shareRate format error' => '联营阶梯规则占成比例格式错误',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules minLoss cannot be negative' => '联营阶梯规则起始客损不能为负',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules shareRate must be between 0 and 1' => '联营阶梯规则占成比例必须在0到1之间',
+    'Affiliate ladder rules must be strictly increasing by minLoss' => '联营阶梯规则需按起始客损递增',
+
+    'Withdraw apply failed' => '提现申请失败',
+
+    'Debit failed: user balance changed by another request; please refresh and retry' => '扣款失败：该用户余额已被其他请求修改（如下注、派彩或其他管理员已保存），请刷新后重试',
+
+    'Deposit' => '充值',
+    'Mock payment' => '模拟支付',
+    'Mock third-party cashier' => '模拟第三方收银台',
+    'Order No' => '订单号',
+    'Pay channel' => '支付渠道',
+    'Amount (fiat/pricing)' => '金额（法币/标价）',
+    'Bonus' => '赠送',
+    'coin' => '币',
+    'Click the button below to simulate successful third-party payment; the server will callback and settle the deposit.' => '点击下方按钮即视为第三方支付成功，服务端会回调并到账。',
+    'Confirm payment (simulate success)' => '确认支付（模拟成功）',
+
+    'Order id is invalid' => '订单 ID 非法',
+    'Order does not exist' => '订单不存在',
+    'Order number is empty' => '订单号为空',
+    'Order status does not allow settlement' => '订单状态不允许结算',
+    'Order amount is invalid' => '订单金额异常',
+    'Order user is invalid' => '订单所属玩家无效',
+    'User does not exist' => '玩家不存在',
+    'Order state changed, please refresh and retry' => '订单状态已变更，请刷新后重试',
+
+    'Row format error' => '行格式错误',
+    'Channel code is not registered' => '渠道 code 未注册',
+    'Duplicate channel code' => '渠道 code 重复',
+    'Invalid channel row data' => '渠道数据无效',
+    'JSON encode failed' => 'JSON 编码失败',
+
+    'Tier id is invalid' => '档位 ID 非法',
+    'Duplicate tier id' => '档位 ID 重复',
+    'Tier title (zh) is required' => '中文充值名称不能为空',
+    'Tier title (zh) is too long' => '中文充值名称过长',
+    'Tier title (en) is too long' => '英文充值名称过长',
+    'Currency is required' => '支付货币不能为空',
+    'Pay amount must be greater than 0' => '支付货币额度必须大于 0',
+    'Base credit amount must be greater than 0' => '基础平台币到账必须大于 0',
+    'Bonus amount cannot be negative' => '赠送金额不能为负数',
+    'Description (zh) is too long' => '中文描述过长',
+    'Description (en) is too long' => '英文描述过长',
+
+    'platform_coin format error' => 'platform_coin 格式错误',
+    'Platform coin labels (zh/en) are required' => '请填写平台币中英文名称',
+    'At least one currency is required' => '至少保留一条货币',
+    'Currency row format error' => '货币列表行格式错误',
+    'Currency code is invalid' => '货币代码非法',
+    'Duplicate currency code' => '货币代码不能重复',
+    'Deposit rate must be a number greater than 0' => '充值汇率须为大于 0 的数字',
+    'Withdraw rate must be a number greater than 0' => '提现汇率须为大于 0 的数字',
+    'Bank row format error' => '银行行格式错误',
+    'Bank code is invalid' => '银行代码非法',
+    'Duplicate bank code' => '银行代码重复',
+    'Withdraw min limit must be a number not less than 0' => '提现最低限额须为不小于 0 的数字',
+    'Please configure deposit channels' => '请配置充值渠道',
+
+    'Must be exactly 36 items' => '必须恰好 36 条',
+    'No must be numeric' => '编号必须为数字',
+    'No must be between 1 and 36' => '编号必须在 1–36',
+    'Duplicate no' => '编号重复',
+    'Name is required' => '名称不能为空',
+    'Category is invalid' => '类型无效',
+    'Missing no' => '缺少编号',
+
+    'Failed to generate commission rows' => '生成待分红记录失败',
+];
+
diff --git a/app/common/library/finance/DepositSettlement.php b/app/common/library/finance/DepositSettlement.php
index 15df6d3..707ab62 100644
--- a/app/common/library/finance/DepositSettlement.php
+++ b/app/common/library/finance/DepositSettlement.php
@@ -57,17 +57,17 @@ final class DepositSettlement
         ?string $extraRemark = null
     ): array {
         if ($orderId <= 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('订单 ID 非法');
+            throw new RuntimeException('Order id is invalid');
         }
 
         $order = Db::name('deposit_order')->where('id', $orderId)->find();
         if (!$order) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('订单不存在');
+            throw new RuntimeException('Order does not exist');
         }
 
         $orderNo = is_string($order['order_no']) ? $order['order_no'] : strval($order['order_no']);
         if ($orderNo === '') {
-            throw new RuntimeException('订单号为空');
+            throw new RuntimeException('Order number is empty');
         }
 
         $statusRaw = $order['status'] ?? 0;
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ final class DepositSettlement
         }
 
         if ($status !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('订单状态不允许结算');
+            throw new RuntimeException('Order status does not allow settlement');
         }
 
         $amount = self::amountString($order['amount'] ?? '0');
         if (bccomp($amount, '0', 2) <= 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('订单金额异常');
+            throw new RuntimeException('Order amount is invalid');
         }
         $bonus = self::amountString($order['bonus_amount'] ?? '0');
         if (bccomp($bonus, '0', 2) < 0) {
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ final class DepositSettlement
 
         $userId = is_numeric($order['user_id'] ?? null) ? intval($order['user_id']) : 0;
         if ($userId <= 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('订单所属玩家无效');
+            throw new RuntimeException('Order user is invalid');
         }
 
         $user = Db::name('user')->where('id', $userId)->find();
         if (!$user) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('玩家不存在');
+            throw new RuntimeException('User does not exist');
         }
 
         $channelId = is_numeric($order['channel_id'] ?? null) ? intval($order['channel_id']) : null;
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ final class DepositSettlement
                     'update_time' => $now,
                 ]);
             if ($affected <= 0) {
-                throw new RuntimeException('订单状态已变更，请刷新后重试');
+                throw new RuntimeException('Order state changed, please refresh and retry');
             }
 
             Db::name('user')->where('id', $userId)->update([
diff --git a/app/common/library/game/DepositChannel.php b/app/common/library/game/DepositChannel.php
index cd0c39e..07fd92a 100644
--- a/app/common/library/game/DepositChannel.php
+++ b/app/common/library/game/DepositChannel.php
@@ -334,19 +334,19 @@ final class DepositChannel
         $out = [];
         foreach ($items as $idx => $row) {
             if (!is_array($row)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . ($idx + 1) . ' 行格式错误');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Row format error');
             }
             $code = isset($row['code']) && is_string($row['code']) ? strtolower(trim($row['code'])) : '';
             if ($code === '' || !isset($registry[$code])) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . ($idx + 1) . ' 行渠道 code 未注册');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Channel code is not registered');
             }
             if (isset($seen[$code])) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('渠道 code 重复：' . $code);
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Duplicate channel code');
             }
             $seen[$code] = true;
             $norm = self::normalizeOverrides([array_merge($row, ['code' => $code])]);
             if ($norm === []) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . ($idx + 1) . ' 行渠道数据无效');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid channel row data');
             }
             $out[] = $norm[0];
         }
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ final class DepositChannel
         $wrapped = ['channels' => $items];
         $encoded = json_encode($wrapped, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
         if ($encoded === false) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('JSON 编码失败');
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('JSON encode failed');
         }
 
         return $encoded;
diff --git a/app/common/library/game/DepositTier.php b/app/common/library/game/DepositTier.php
index 4adc881..f373740 100644
--- a/app/common/library/game/DepositTier.php
+++ b/app/common/library/game/DepositTier.php
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ final class DepositTier
         foreach ($items as $idx => $row) {
             $no = $idx + 1;
             if (!is_array($row)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行格式错误');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Row format error');
             }
 
             $id = isset($row['id']) && is_string($row['id']) ? trim($row['id']) : '';
@@ -157,10 +157,10 @@ final class DepositTier
                 $id = self::generateId();
             }
             if (!preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]{1,32}$/', $id)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行 ID 非法');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Tier id is invalid');
             }
             if (isset($seenId[$id])) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('档位 ID 重复：' . $id);
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Duplicate tier id');
             }
             $seenId[$id] = true;
 
@@ -170,45 +170,45 @@ final class DepositTier
                 $title = self::stringField($row, 'name');
             }
             if ($title === '') {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行中文充值名称不能为空');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Tier title (zh) is required');
             }
             if (mb_strlen($title) > 64) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行中文充值名称过长');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Tier title (zh) is too long');
             }
 
             $titleEn = self::stringField($row, 'title_en');
             if (mb_strlen($titleEn) > 64) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行英文充值名称过长');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Tier title (en) is too long');
             }
 
             $currency = self::normalizeCurrency($row['currency'] ?? '');
             if ($currency === '') {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行支付货币不能为空');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Currency is required');
             }
 
             $payAmount = self::normalizeAmount($row['pay_amount'] ?? '');
             if (bccomp($payAmount, '0', 2) <= 0) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行支付货币额度必须大于 0');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Pay amount must be greater than 0');
             }
 
             $amount = self::normalizeAmount($row['amount'] ?? '');
             if (bccomp($amount, '0', 2) <= 0) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行基础平台币到账必须大于 0');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Base credit amount must be greater than 0');
             }
 
             $bonus = self::normalizeAmount($row['bonus_amount'] ?? '0');
             if (bccomp($bonus, '0', 2) < 0) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行赠送金额不能为负数');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Bonus amount cannot be negative');
             }
 
             $desc = self::stringField($row, 'desc');
             if (mb_strlen($desc) > 255) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行中文描述过长');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Description (zh) is too long');
             }
 
             $descEn = self::stringField($row, 'desc_en');
             if (mb_strlen($descEn) > 255) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . $no . ' 行英文描述过长');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Description (en) is too long');
             }
 
             $sort = isset($row['sort']) && is_numeric($row['sort']) ? intval($row['sort']) : 0;
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ final class DepositTier
     {
         $encoded = json_encode($items, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
         if ($encoded === false) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('JSON 编码失败');
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('JSON encode failed');
         }
         return $encoded;
     }
diff --git a/app/common/library/game/FinanceCashierConfig.php b/app/common/library/game/FinanceCashierConfig.php
index a57c1ca..2da32ab 100644
--- a/app/common/library/game/FinanceCashierConfig.php
+++ b/app/common/library/game/FinanceCashierConfig.php
@@ -328,50 +328,50 @@ final class FinanceCashierConfig
     private static function validate(array $p): void
     {
         if (!isset($p['platform_coin']) || !is_array($p['platform_coin'])) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('platform_coin 格式错误');
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('platform_coin format error');
         }
         $lz = $p['platform_coin']['label_zh'] ?? '';
         $le = $p['platform_coin']['label_en'] ?? '';
         if (!is_string($lz) || trim($lz) === '' || !is_string($le) || trim($le) === '') {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('请填写平台币中英文名称');
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Platform coin labels (zh/en) are required');
         }
         if (!isset($p['currencies']) || !is_array($p['currencies']) || $p['currencies'] === []) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('至少保留一条货币');
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('At least one currency is required');
         }
         $seenCodes = [];
         foreach ($p['currencies'] as $idx => $row) {
             if (!is_array($row)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('货币列表第 ' . ($idx + 1) . ' 行格式错误');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Currency row format error');
             }
             $code = $row['code'] ?? '';
             if (!is_string($code) || !preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9]{2,12}$/', $code)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('货币代码非法：' . (is_string($code) ? $code : ''));
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Currency code is invalid');
             }
             if (isset($seenCodes[$code])) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('货币代码不能重复：' . $code);
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Duplicate currency code');
             }
             $seenCodes[$code] = true;
             $dep = $row['deposit_coins_per_fiat'] ?? '';
             $wdr = $row['withdraw_coins_per_fiat'] ?? '';
             if (!is_string($dep) || $dep === '' || !is_numeric($dep) || bccomp($dep, '0', 2) <= 0) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . ($idx + 1) . ' 行：充值汇率须为大于 0 的数字');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Deposit rate must be a number greater than 0');
             }
             if (!is_string($wdr) || $wdr === '' || !is_numeric($wdr) || bccomp($wdr, '0', 2) <= 0) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . ($idx + 1) . ' 行：提现汇率须为大于 0 的数字');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Withdraw rate must be a number greater than 0');
             }
         }
         if (isset($p['withdraw_banks']) && is_array($p['withdraw_banks'])) {
             $seen = [];
             foreach ($p['withdraw_banks'] as $idx => $row) {
                 if (!is_array($row)) {
-                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('银行第 ' . ($idx + 1) . ' 行格式错误');
+                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Bank row format error');
                 }
                 $code = $row['code'] ?? '';
                 if (!is_string($code) || !preg_match('/^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_\-]{0,31}$/', $code)) {
-                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('银行代码非法');
+                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Bank code is invalid');
                 }
                 if (isset($seen[$code])) {
-                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('银行代码重复：' . $code);
+                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Duplicate bank code');
                 }
                 $seen[$code] = true;
             }
@@ -380,13 +380,13 @@ final class FinanceCashierConfig
             foreach (['min_ewallet', 'min_bank'] as $k) {
                 $v = $p['withdraw_limits'][$k] ?? '0';
                 if (!is_string($v) || !is_numeric($v) || bccomp($v, '0', 2) < 0) {
-                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('提现最低限额须为不小于 0 的数字');
+                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Withdraw min limit must be a number not less than 0');
                 }
             }
         }
         $reg = DepositChannel::codeRegistry();
         if ($reg !== [] && (!isset($p['channels']) || !is_array($p['channels']) || $p['channels'] === [])) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('请配置充值渠道');
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Please configure deposit channels');
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/common/library/game/ZiHuaDictionary.php b/app/common/library/game/ZiHuaDictionary.php
index 5d9da1d..060a736 100644
--- a/app/common/library/game/ZiHuaDictionary.php
+++ b/app/common/library/game/ZiHuaDictionary.php
@@ -168,43 +168,43 @@ final class ZiHuaDictionary
     public static function prepareItemsForSave(array $items): array
     {
         if (count($items) !== 36) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('必须恰好 36 条');
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Must be exactly 36 items');
         }
         $nos = [];
         $out = [];
         foreach ($items as $idx => $row) {
             if (!is_array($row)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('第 ' . ($idx + 1) . ' 行格式错误');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Row format error');
             }
             $no = $row['no'] ?? null;
             if (!is_numeric($no)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('编号必须为数字');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('No must be numeric');
             }
             $n = intval($no, 10);
             if ($n < 1 || $n > 36) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('编号必须在 1–36');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('No must be between 1 and 36');
             }
             if (isset($nos[$n])) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('编号重复：' . $n);
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Duplicate no');
             }
             $nos[$n] = true;
 
             $name = $row['name'] ?? '';
             if (!is_string($name) || trim($name) === '') {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('编号 ' . $n . ' 名称不能为空');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Name is required');
             }
 
             $cat = $row['category'] ?? '';
             $catTrim = is_string($cat) ? trim($cat) : '';
             if (!in_array($catTrim, self::CATEGORIES, true)) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('编号 ' . $n . ' 类型无效');
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Category is invalid');
             }
 
             $out[] = ['no' => $n, 'name' => trim($name), 'category' => $catTrim];
         }
         for ($i = 1; $i <= 36; $i++) {
             if (!isset($nos[$i])) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException('缺少编号：' . $i);
+                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Missing no');
             }
         }
         usort($out, static fn (array $a, array $b): int => $a['no'] <=> $b['no']);
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ final class ZiHuaDictionary
         usort($items, static fn (array $a, array $b): int => $a['no'] <=> $b['no']);
         $encoded = json_encode($items, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
         if ($encoded === false) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException('JSON 编码失败');
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('JSON encode failed');
         }
         return $encoded;
     }
diff --git a/app/common/service/AdminWalletService.php b/app/common/service/AdminWalletService.php
index 3376d43..d128d23 100644
--- a/app/common/service/AdminWalletService.php
+++ b/app/common/service/AdminWalletService.php
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class AdminWalletService
         if (is_array($existing)) {
             $existAdminId = intval($existing['admin_id'] ?? 0);
             if ($existAdminId !== $adminId) {
-                return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => 'Idempotency key conflict'];
+                return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => __('Idempotency key conflict')];
             }
             return [
                 'ok' => true,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class AdminWalletService
         $wallet = self::ensureWallet($adminId);
         $before = strval($wallet['balance'] ?? '0.00');
         if (bccomp($before, $withdrawCoin, 2) < 0) {
-            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '钱包余额不足'];
+            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => __('Insufficient wallet balance')];
         }
         $after = bcsub($before, $withdrawCoin, 2);
         $beforeFrozen = strval($wallet['frozen_balance'] ?? '0.00');
diff --git a/app/common/service/ChannelSettlementService.php b/app/common/service/ChannelSettlementService.php
index dae2b58..1449f63 100644
--- a/app/common/service/ChannelSettlementService.php
+++ b/app/common/service/ChannelSettlementService.php
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class ChannelSettlementService
     {
         $channel = Db::name('channel')->where('id', $channelId)->find();
         if (!is_array($channel)) {
-            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '渠道不存在'];
+            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => __('Channel not found')];
         }
         $payload = self::buildSettlePayload($channel);
         if (is_string($payload)) {
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ class ChannelSettlementService
         }
         $settlementNo = self::generateAgentSettlementNo($auto ? 'A' : 'M', $channelId, intval($payload['period_end_ts']));
         if (Db::name('agent_settlement_period')->where('settlement_no', $settlementNo)->value('id')) {
-            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '结算单号冲突，请重试'];
+            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => __('Settlement number conflict, please retry')];
         }
         $shareRows = self::resolveCommissionSharesForChannel($channelId);
         if ($shareRows === []) {
-            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '渠道下无可用管理员分配比例，无法结算'];
+            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => __('No available admin share ratios under this channel; cannot settle')];
         }
         $now = time();
         Db::startTrans();
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class ChannelSettlementService
                 $now
             );
             if ($rows === []) {
-                throw new \RuntimeException('生成待分红记录失败');
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to generate commission rows');
             }
             foreach ($rows as $row) {
                 $adminId = intval($row['admin_id'] ?? 0);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class ChannelSettlementService
 
     public static function settleDividendByChannelAdmin(int $channelId, int $operatorAdminId, string $remark = ''): array
     {
-        return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '当前流程为超管结算后自动发放，渠道管理员无需二次结算'];
+        return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => __('This flow pays commissions automatically after super admin settlement; channel admin does not need to settle again')];
     }
 
     public static function settleAllDueChannels(int $operatorAdminId, bool $respectCycle = true): array
@@ -159,14 +159,14 @@ class ChannelSettlementService
     {
         $channelId = intval($row['id'] ?? 0);
         if ($channelId <= 0) {
-            return '渠道数据异常';
+            return (string) __('Invalid channel data');
         }
         $endTs = time();
         $lastEnd = self::getLastSettlementEndForChannel($channelId);
         $channelCreateTs = intval($row['create_time'] ?? 0);
         $periodStartTs = $lastEnd === null ? ($channelCreateTs > 0 ? $channelCreateTs : 0) : $lastEnd;
         if ($periodStartTs >= $endTs) {
-            return '结算区间无效（开始时间不早于当前）';
+            return (string) __('Invalid settlement period (start time is not earlier than now)');
         }
         $stats = self::aggregateBetOrderForChannel($channelId, $periodStartTs, $lastEnd !== null, $endTs);
         $totalBet = $stats['total_bet'];
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class ChannelSettlementService
         if ($mode === 'turnover') {
             $ratePercent = $row['turnover_share_rate'] ?? null;
             if ($ratePercent === null || $ratePercent === '') {
-                return '普通返水代理未配置返水分红比例';
+                return (string) __('Turnover agent commission rate is not configured');
             }
             $rateDec = bcdiv(strval($ratePercent), '100', 4);
             return [
@@ -247,11 +247,11 @@ class ChannelSettlementService
             $fee = $row['affiliate_fee_rate'] ?? null;
             $rulesRaw = $row['affiliate_ladder_rules'] ?? null;
             if ($fee === null || $fee === '') {
-                return '联营代理未配置成本扣除比例';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate agent fee rate is not configured');
             }
             $rules = self::normalizeLadderRulesForSettlement($rulesRaw);
             if ($rules === []) {
-                return '联营阶梯规则无效或为空';
+                return (string) __('Affiliate ladder rules are empty or invalid');
             }
             if (bccomp($platformProfit, '0', 2) <= 0) {
                 return ['commission_rate' => '0.0000', 'calc_base_amount' => '0.00', 'commission_amount' => '0.00'];
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class ChannelSettlementService
                 'commission_amount' => bcmul($afterFee, $rateDec, 2),
             ];
         }
-        return '未知的代理模式';
+        return (string) __('Unknown agent mode');
     }
 
     private static function normalizeLadderRulesForSettlement(mixed $rulesRaw): array
diff --git a/app/common/service/GameRecordService.php b/app/common/service/GameRecordService.php
index b7bce30..9d4845b 100644
--- a/app/common/service/GameRecordService.php
+++ b/app/common/service/GameRecordService.php
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ final class GameRecordService
     public static function createNextRecordForManual(): array
     {
         if (!self::getConfigBool(self::KEY_MANUAL_CREATE)) {
-            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '未开启「手动创建下一局」开关'];
+            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => __('Manual create next round is disabled')];
         }
         if (self::hasActiveRecord()) {
-            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => '存在未结束对局，无法新建'];
+            return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => __('There is an unfinished round; cannot create a new one')];
         }
         try {
             $periodNo = self::createNextRecordRow();
-            return ['ok' => true, 'msg' => '已创建新对局', 'period_no' => $periodNo];
+            return ['ok' => true, 'msg' => __('New round created'), 'period_no' => $periodNo];
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
             return ['ok' => false, 'msg' => $e->getMessage()];
         }
diff --git a/app/support/BaseController.php b/app/support/BaseController.php
index 3309bf4..eb83636 100644
--- a/app/support/BaseController.php
+++ b/app/support/BaseController.php
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ abstract class BaseController
      */
     protected function result(string $msg, mixed $data = null, int $code = 0, array $header = []): Response
     {
+        // 统一对返回 msg 做多语言翻译：若 $msg 为语言 key（英文），则按请求语言输出；
+        // 若无对应翻译，则保持原样返回。
+        if ($msg !== '' && function_exists('__')) {
+            $translated = __($msg);
+            if (is_string($translated) && $translated !== '') {
+                $msg = $translated;
+            }
+        }
         $body = [
             'code' => $code,
             'msg'  => $msg,