diff --git a/apps/admin/src/App.vue b/apps/admin/src/App.vue
index a49b14e..6002f97 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/App.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/App.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,26 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed } from 'vue';
 import { RouterView } from 'vue-router';
+import { ElConfigProvider } from 'element-plus';
+import zhCn from 'element-plus/es/locale/lang/zh-cn';
+import en from 'element-plus/es/locale/lang/en';
+import ms from 'element-plus/es/locale/lang/ms';
+import { useAdminLocale } from './composables/useAdminLocale';
+
+const { locale } = useAdminLocale();
+
+const elLocale = computed(() => {
+  if (locale.value.startsWith('zh')) return zhCn;
+  if (locale.value.startsWith('ms')) return ms;
+  return en;
+});
 </script>
-<template><RouterView /></template>
+
+<template>
+  <ElConfigProvider :locale="elLocale">
+    <RouterView />
+  </ElConfigProvider>
+</template>
 
 <style>
 *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/components/AdminLocaleSwitcher.vue b/apps/admin/src/components/AdminLocaleSwitcher.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac09ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/components/AdminLocaleSwitcher.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed } from 'vue';
+import { useAdminLocale, type AdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+
+const { locale, locales, setLocale, t } = useAdminLocale();
+
+const current = computed(() => locales.find((l) => l.code === locale.value) ?? locales[0]);
+
+function onChange(e: Event) {
+  setLocale((e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as AdminLocale);
+}
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <label class="admin-locale" :title="t('lang')">
+    <span class="admin-locale-flag" aria-hidden="true">{{ current.flag }}</span>
+    <select :value="locale" class="admin-locale-select" :aria-label="t('lang')" @change="onChange">
+      <option v-for="l in locales" :key="l.code" :value="l.code">
+        {{ l.flag }} {{ l.label }}
+      </option>
+    </select>
+  </label>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.admin-locale {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+}
+.admin-locale-flag {
+  font-size: 18px;
+  line-height: 1;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+.admin-locale-select {
+  background: #0d0d0d;
+  color: var(--green-text);
+  border: 1px solid var(--green-border);
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  padding: 4px 8px 4px 4px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  min-width: 108px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/components/RobotVerify.vue b/apps/admin/src/components/RobotVerify.vue
index bed4aff..edeb5cc 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/components/RobotVerify.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/components/RobotVerify.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
 
 const input = ref('');
 const code = ref('');
@@ -69,9 +72,9 @@ defineExpose({ validate, refresh });
     <input v-model="honeypot" type="text" name="website" tabindex="-1"
       autocomplete="off" class="hp-field" aria-hidden="true" />
     <input v-model="input" type="text" inputmode="numeric" maxlength="4"
-      class="captcha-input" placeholder="Captcha" autocomplete="off" />
+      class="captcha-input" :placeholder="t('login.captcha_ph')" autocomplete="off" />
     <canvas ref="canvasRef" class="captcha-canvas"
-      title="点击刷新" role="button" tabindex="0"
+      :title="t('login.captcha_refresh')" role="button" tabindex="0"
       @click="refresh" @keydown.enter="refresh" />
   </div>
 </template>
@@ -79,10 +82,10 @@ defineExpose({ validate, refresh });
 <style scoped>
 .captcha-row {
   display: flex;
+  gap: 0;
   align-items: stretch;
   height: 44px;
 }
-
 .hp-field {
   position: absolute;
   left: -9999px;
@@ -91,25 +94,21 @@ defineExpose({ validate, refresh });
   opacity: 0;
   pointer-events: none;
 }
-
 .captcha-input {
   flex: 1;
   min-width: 0;
   padding: 0 14px;
-  border: 1px solid #333;
-  border-right: none;
+  border: none;
   border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px;
-  background: #0d0d0d;
-  color: #fff;
+  background: #ffffff;
+  color: #111;
   font-size: 15px;
   font-weight: 500;
   outline: none;
-  transition: border-color 0.2s;
 }
-
-.captcha-input::placeholder { color: #555; }
-.captcha-input:focus { border-color: rgba(0, 196, 65, 0.6); }
-
+.captcha-input::placeholder {
+  color: #9ca3af;
+}
 .captcha-canvas {
   flex-shrink: 0;
   width: 108px;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/composables/useAdminLocale.ts b/apps/admin/src/composables/useAdminLocale.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c74b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/composables/useAdminLocale.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { ref, computed } from 'vue';
+import {
+  ADMIN_LOCALES,
+  adminT,
+  adminLocaleTag,
+  type AdminLocale,
+} from '../i18n/admin-messages';
+
+const STORAGE_KEY = 'admin_locale';
+
+const locale = ref<AdminLocale>(
+  (localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY) as AdminLocale) || 'zh-CN',
+);
+
+export function getAdminLocale(): AdminLocale {
+  return locale.value;
+}
+
+export function useAdminLocale() {
+  const t = (key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>) =>
+    adminT(locale.value, key, params);
+
+  function setLocale(code: AdminLocale) {
+    locale.value = code;
+    localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, code);
+    document.cookie = `${STORAGE_KEY}=${encodeURIComponent(code)};path=/;max-age=31536000;SameSite=Lax`;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    locale: computed(() => locale.value),
+    localeTag: computed(() => adminLocaleTag(locale.value)),
+    locales: ADMIN_LOCALES,
+    setLocale,
+    t,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-messages.ts b/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-messages.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..762f7b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-messages.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+import { adminPagesEn, adminPagesZh } from './admin-pages';
+import { adminPagesMs } from './admin-pages-ms';
+
+/** 管理后台：中文 + 英文 + 马来语 */
+export type AdminLocale = 'zh-CN' | 'en-US' | 'ms-MY';
+
+export const ADMIN_LOCALES: {
+  code: AdminLocale;
+  label: string;
+  flag: string;
+}[] = [
+  { code: 'zh-CN', label: '中文', flag: '🇨🇳' },
+  { code: 'en-US', label: 'English', flag: '🇺🇸' },
+  { code: 'ms-MY', label: 'Bahasa Melayu', flag: '🇲🇾' },
+];
+
+const zh: Record<string, string> = {
+  'login.title': '管理后台',
+  'login.username': '用户名',
+  'login.password': '密码',
+  'login.submit': '登录',
+  'login.username_ph': '请输入用户名',
+  'login.password_ph': '请输入密码',
+  'login.err_captcha': '验证码错误，请重试',
+  'login.err_failed': '登录失败，请检查账号与密码',
+  'login.err_quick': '快速登录失败',
+  'login.quick_label': '快速登录（调试）',
+  'login.quick_admin': '管理员',
+  'login.quick_agent': '一级代理',
+  'login.captcha_ph': '验证码',
+  'login.captcha_refresh': '点击刷新',
+
+  'nav.dashboard': '控制台',
+  'nav.users': '玩家管理',
+  'nav.agents': '代理管理',
+  'nav.matches': '赛事管理',
+  'nav.bets': '注单管理',
+  'nav.cashback': '返水管理',
+  'nav.audit': '操作日志',
+  'nav.players': '直属玩家',
+  'nav.subAgents': '下级代理',
+  'nav.myBets': '注单查询',
+  'role.admin': '系统管理员',
+  'role.agent': '代理账号',
+  'logout': '退出',
+  'lang': '语言',
+  'portal.admin': '平台后台',
+  'portal.agent': '代理后台',
+
+  'common.all': '全部',
+  'common.search': '查询',
+  'common.reset': '重置',
+  'common.edit': '编辑',
+  'common.delete': '删除',
+  'common.cancel': '取消',
+  'common.confirm': '确定',
+  'common.status': '状态',
+  'common.type': '类型',
+  'common.keyword': '关键词',
+  'common.actions': '操作',
+  'common.loading': '加载中…',
+  'common.no_data': '暂无数据',
+  'common.yesterday': '昨日',
+  'common.vs_yesterday': '较昨日',
+  'common.people': '人',
+  'common.bets_unit': '单',
+  'common.matches_unit': '场赛事',
+  'common.frozen': '冻结',
+  'common.used': '已用',
+  'common.platform_direct': '平台直属',
+  'common.updated_at': '更新于',
+
+  'dash.title': '控制台',
+  'dash.desc': '平台整体运行概况',
+  'dash.board_title': '整体概览',
+  'dash.board_hint': '一屏查看经营趋势与平台分布',
+  'dash.kpi_bet_count': '今日投注笔数',
+  'dash.kpi_stake': '今日投注额',
+  'dash.kpi_payout': '今日派彩',
+  'dash.kpi_ggr': '今日毛利',
+  'dash.kpi_users': '玩家 / 代理',
+  'dash.kpi_new_players': '今日新增 {n} 人',
+  'dash.kpi_pending': '待结算',
+  'dash.kpi_pending_sub': '{bets} 单 · {matches} 场赛事',
+  'dash.kpi_wallet': '玩家余额',
+  'dash.kpi_credit': '代理授信',
+  'dash.trend_caption': '近 7 日经营趋势（金额折线 + 注单柱）',
+  'dash.chart_stake': '投注额',
+  'dash.chart_payout': '派彩',
+  'dash.chart_ggr': '毛利',
+  'dash.chart_bet_count': '注单笔数',
+  'dash.axis_amount': '金额',
+  'dash.axis_count': '笔数',
+  'dash.count_suffix': '笔',
+  'dash.chart_tooltip': '{b}：{c}（{d}%）',
+  'dash.pie_empty': '暂无',
+  'dash.pie_matches': '赛事',
+  'dash.pie_bets': '今日注单',
+  'dash.pie_users': '用户',
+  'dash.match_draft': '草稿',
+  'dash.match_published': '已发布',
+  'dash.match_closed': '已封盘',
+  'dash.match_pending_settle': '待结算',
+  'dash.match_settled': '已结算',
+  'dash.user_active': '正常玩家',
+  'dash.user_suspended': '停用',
+  'dash.user_direct': '直属',
+  'dash.user_agents': '代理',
+
+  'page.users.title': '玩家管理',
+  'page.users.desc': '创建玩家、查看余额与投注概况，支持上分与状态管理',
+  'page.agents.title': '代理管理',
+  'page.agents.desc': '创建一级代理、调整授信额度、查看直属玩家与额度占用',
+  'page.matches.title': '赛事管理',
+  'page.matches.desc': '草稿可编辑、删除；已发布可改开赛时间与热门',
+  'page.bets.title': '注单管理',
+  'page.bets.desc': '筛选、分页查看全平台注单，支持详情与投注项',
+  'page.cashback.title': '返水管理',
+  'page.cashback.desc': '按周期生成返水并发放',
+  'page.audit.title': '操作日志',
+  'page.audit.desc': '记录所有管理员操作行为',
+  'page.settlement.title': '赛事结算',
+  'page.agent_dash.title': '代理概览',
+  'page.agent_dash.desc': '实时数据总览',
+  'page.agent_players.title': '直属玩家',
+  'page.agent_players.desc': '管理你名下的直属玩家',
+  'page.agent_sub.title': '下级代理',
+  'page.agent_sub.desc': '仅一级代理可见',
+  'page.agent_bets.title': '注单查询',
+  'page.agent_bets.desc': '下级玩家的全部投注记录',
+
+  'agent.credit_limit': '授信额度',
+  'agent.credit_total': '总额度',
+  'agent.credit_used': '已用额度',
+  'agent.credit_occupied': '已占用',
+  'agent.direct_players': '直属玩家',
+  'agent.player_count': '玩家数',
+  'agent.today_stake': '今日投注',
+  'agent.currency_cny': '人民币',
+
+  'bet.status.PENDING': '待结算',
+  'bet.status.WON': '已赢',
+  'bet.status.LOST': '已输',
+  'bet.status.VOID': '作废',
+  'bet.status.REFUNDED': '已退款',
+  'bet.type.SINGLE': '单关',
+  'bet.type.PARLAY': '串关',
+  'bet.settlement.PENDING': '待结算',
+  'bet.settlement.SETTLED': '已结算',
+  'bet.settlement.VOID': '已作废',
+  'bet.result.WON': '赢',
+  'bet.result.LOST': '输',
+  'bet.result.VOID': '走水',
+  'bet.result.PUSH': '走盘',
+  'bet.result.HALF_WON': '半赢',
+  'bet.result.HALF_LOST': '半输',
+
+  'match.status.DRAFT': '草稿',
+  'match.status.PUBLISHED': '已发布',
+  'match.status.CLOSED': '已封盘',
+  'match.status.SETTLED': '已结算',
+  ...adminPagesZh,
+};
+
+const en: Record<string, string> = {
+  'login.title': 'Admin Console',
+  'login.username': 'Username',
+  'login.password': 'Password',
+  'login.submit': 'Sign in',
+  'login.username_ph': 'Enter username',
+  'login.password_ph': 'Enter password',
+  'login.err_captcha': 'Captcha incorrect, try again',
+  'login.err_failed': 'Sign-in failed. Check username and password',
+  'login.err_quick': 'Quick sign-in failed',
+  'login.quick_label': 'Quick sign-in (debug)',
+  'login.quick_admin': 'Admin',
+  'login.quick_agent': 'Tier-1 agent',
+  'login.captcha_ph': 'Captcha',
+  'login.captcha_refresh': 'Click to refresh',
+
+  'nav.dashboard': 'Dashboard',
+  'nav.users': 'Players',
+  'nav.agents': 'Agents',
+  'nav.matches': 'Matches',
+  'nav.bets': 'Bets',
+  'nav.cashback': 'Cashback',
+  'nav.audit': 'Audit Log',
+  'nav.players': 'My Players',
+  'nav.subAgents': 'Sub-Agents',
+  'nav.myBets': 'Bet Search',
+  'role.admin': 'Administrator',
+  'role.agent': 'Agent',
+  'logout': 'Logout',
+  'lang': 'Language',
+  'portal.admin': 'Platform Admin',
+  'portal.agent': 'Agent Portal',
+
+  'common.all': 'All',
+  'common.search': 'Search',
+  'common.reset': 'Reset',
+  'common.edit': 'Edit',
+  'common.delete': 'Delete',
+  'common.cancel': 'Cancel',
+  'common.confirm': 'OK',
+  'common.status': 'Status',
+  'common.type': 'Type',
+  'common.keyword': 'Keyword',
+  'common.actions': 'Actions',
+  'common.loading': 'Loading…',
+  'common.no_data': 'No data',
+  'common.yesterday': 'Yesterday',
+  'common.vs_yesterday': 'vs yesterday',
+  'common.people': 'users',
+  'common.bets_unit': 'bets',
+  'common.matches_unit': 'matches',
+  'common.frozen': 'Frozen',
+  'common.used': 'Used',
+  'common.platform_direct': 'Platform direct',
+  'common.updated_at': 'Updated',
+
+  'dash.title': 'Dashboard',
+  'dash.desc': 'Platform overview',
+  'dash.board_title': 'Overview',
+  'dash.board_hint': 'Trends and distribution at a glance',
+  'dash.kpi_bet_count': "Today's bet count",
+  'dash.kpi_stake': "Today's stake",
+  'dash.kpi_payout': "Today's payout",
+  'dash.kpi_ggr': "Today's GGR",
+  'dash.kpi_users': 'Players / Agents',
+  'dash.kpi_new_players': '{n} new today',
+  'dash.kpi_pending': 'Pending settlement',
+  'dash.kpi_pending_sub': '{bets} bets · {matches} matches',
+  'dash.kpi_wallet': 'Player balance',
+  'dash.kpi_credit': 'Agent credit',
+  'dash.trend_caption': 'Last 7 days (amount lines + bet bars)',
+  'dash.chart_stake': 'Stake',
+  'dash.chart_payout': 'Payout',
+  'dash.chart_ggr': 'GGR',
+  'dash.chart_bet_count': 'Bet count',
+  'dash.axis_amount': 'Amount',
+  'dash.axis_count': 'Count',
+  'dash.count_suffix': 'bets',
+  'dash.chart_tooltip': '{b}: {c} ({d}%)',
+  'dash.pie_empty': 'N/A',
+  'dash.pie_matches': 'Matches',
+  'dash.pie_bets': "Today's bets",
+  'dash.pie_users': 'Users',
+  'dash.match_draft': 'Draft',
+  'dash.match_published': 'Published',
+  'dash.match_closed': 'Closed',
+  'dash.match_pending_settle': 'Pending settlement',
+  'dash.match_settled': 'Settled',
+  'dash.user_active': 'Active players',
+  'dash.user_suspended': 'Suspended',
+  'dash.user_direct': 'Direct',
+  'dash.user_agents': 'Agents',
+
+  'page.users.title': 'Players',
+  'page.users.desc': 'Create players, balances, stakes, top-ups, and status',
+  'page.agents.title': 'Agents',
+  'page.agents.desc': 'Tier-1 agents, credit limits, players, and usage',
+  'page.matches.title': 'Matches',
+  'page.matches.desc': 'Edit/delete drafts; adjust kickoff and featured when published',
+  'page.bets.title': 'Bets',
+  'page.bets.desc': 'Filter and paginate all bets with leg details',
+  'page.cashback.title': 'Cashback',
+  'page.cashback.desc': 'Generate and issue cashback by period',
+  'page.audit.title': 'Audit Log',
+  'page.audit.desc': 'Administrator action history',
+  'page.settlement.title': 'Settlement',
+  'page.agent_dash.title': 'Agent overview',
+  'page.agent_dash.desc': 'Live summary',
+  'page.agent_players.title': 'My players',
+  'page.agent_players.desc': 'Players under your account',
+  'page.agent_sub.title': 'Sub-agents',
+  'page.agent_sub.desc': 'Tier-1 agents only',
+  'page.agent_bets.title': 'Bet search',
+  'page.agent_bets.desc': 'All bets from downstream players',
+
+  'agent.credit_limit': 'Credit limit',
+  'agent.credit_total': 'Total limit',
+  'agent.credit_used': 'Used credit',
+  'agent.credit_occupied': 'In use',
+  'agent.direct_players': 'Direct players',
+  'agent.player_count': 'Players',
+  'agent.today_stake': "Today's stake",
+  'agent.currency_cny': 'CNY',
+
+  'bet.status.PENDING': 'Pending',
+  'bet.status.WON': 'Won',
+  'bet.status.LOST': 'Lost',
+  'bet.status.VOID': 'Void',
+  'bet.status.REFUNDED': 'Refunded',
+  'bet.type.SINGLE': 'Single',
+  'bet.type.PARLAY': 'Parlay',
+  'bet.settlement.PENDING': 'Pending',
+  'bet.settlement.SETTLED': 'Settled',
+  'bet.settlement.VOID': 'Void',
+  'bet.result.WON': 'Won',
+  'bet.result.LOST': 'Lost',
+  'bet.result.VOID': 'Void',
+  'bet.result.PUSH': 'Push',
+  'bet.result.HALF_WON': 'Half won',
+  'bet.result.HALF_LOST': 'Half lost',
+
+  'match.status.DRAFT': 'Draft',
+  'match.status.PUBLISHED': 'Published',
+  'match.status.CLOSED': 'Closed',
+  'match.status.SETTLED': 'Settled',
+  ...adminPagesEn,
+};
+
+const ms: Record<string, string> = {
+  'login.title': 'Konsol Admin',
+  'login.username': 'Nama pengguna',
+  'login.password': 'Kata laluan',
+  'login.submit': 'Log masuk',
+  'login.username_ph': 'Masukkan nama pengguna',
+  'login.password_ph': 'Masukkan kata laluan',
+  'login.err_captcha': 'Captcha salah, cuba lagi',
+  'login.err_failed': 'Log masuk gagal. Semak nama pengguna dan kata laluan',
+  'login.err_quick': 'Log masuk pantas gagal',
+  'login.quick_label': 'Log masuk pantas (debug)',
+  'login.quick_admin': 'Admin',
+  'login.quick_agent': 'Ejen peringkat 1',
+  'login.captcha_ph': 'Captcha',
+  'login.captcha_refresh': 'Klik untuk muat semula',
+
+  'nav.dashboard': 'Papan pemuka',
+  'nav.users': 'Pemain',
+  'nav.agents': 'Ejen',
+  'nav.matches': 'Perlawanan',
+  'nav.bets': 'Pertaruhan',
+  'nav.cashback': 'Rebat',
+  'nav.audit': 'Log audit',
+  'nav.players': 'Pemain saya',
+  'nav.subAgents': 'Sub-ejen',
+  'nav.myBets': 'Carian pertaruhan',
+  'role.admin': 'Pentadbir',
+  'role.agent': 'Ejen',
+  'logout': 'Log keluar',
+  'lang': 'Bahasa',
+  'portal.admin': 'Admin Platform',
+  'portal.agent': 'Portal Ejen',
+
+  'common.all': 'Semua',
+  'common.search': 'Cari',
+  'common.reset': 'Set semula',
+  'common.edit': 'Edit',
+  'common.delete': 'Padam',
+  'common.cancel': 'Batal',
+  'common.confirm': 'OK',
+  'common.status': 'Status',
+  'common.type': 'Jenis',
+  'common.keyword': 'Kata kunci',
+  'common.actions': 'Tindakan',
+  'common.loading': 'Memuatkan…',
+  'common.no_data': 'Tiada data',
+  'common.yesterday': 'Semalam',
+  'common.vs_yesterday': 'berbanding semalam',
+  'common.people': 'pengguna',
+  'common.bets_unit': 'pertaruhan',
+  'common.matches_unit': 'perlawanan',
+  'common.frozen': 'Dibekukan',
+  'common.used': 'Digunakan',
+  'common.platform_direct': 'Terus platform',
+  'common.updated_at': 'Dikemas kini',
+
+  'dash.title': 'Papan pemuka',
+  'dash.desc': 'Gambaran keseluruhan platform',
+  'dash.board_title': 'Gambaran',
+  'dash.board_hint': 'Trend dan taburan sepintas lalu',
+  'dash.kpi_bet_count': 'Bilangan pertaruhan hari ini',
+  'dash.kpi_stake': 'Stake hari ini',
+  'dash.kpi_payout': 'Bayaran hari ini',
+  'dash.kpi_ggr': 'GGR hari ini',
+  'dash.kpi_users': 'Pemain / Ejen',
+  'dash.kpi_new_players': '{n} baharu hari ini',
+  'dash.kpi_pending': 'Menunggu penyelesaian',
+  'dash.kpi_pending_sub': '{bets} pertaruhan · {matches} perlawanan',
+  'dash.kpi_wallet': 'Baki pemain',
+  'dash.kpi_credit': 'Kredit ejen',
+  'dash.trend_caption': '7 hari lepas (garis jumlah + palang pertaruhan)',
+  'dash.chart_stake': 'Stake',
+  'dash.chart_payout': 'Bayaran',
+  'dash.chart_ggr': 'GGR',
+  'dash.chart_bet_count': 'Bilangan pertaruhan',
+  'dash.axis_amount': 'Jumlah',
+  'dash.axis_count': 'Kiraan',
+  'dash.count_suffix': 'pertaruhan',
+  'dash.chart_tooltip': '{b}: {c} ({d}%)',
+  'dash.pie_empty': 'Tiada',
+  'dash.pie_matches': 'Perlawanan',
+  'dash.pie_bets': 'Pertaruhan hari ini',
+  'dash.pie_users': 'Pengguna',
+  'dash.match_draft': 'Draf',
+  'dash.match_published': 'Diterbitkan',
+  'dash.match_closed': 'Ditutup',
+  'dash.match_pending_settle': 'Menunggu penyelesaian',
+  'dash.match_settled': 'Diselesaikan',
+  'dash.user_active': 'Pemain aktif',
+  'dash.user_suspended': 'Digantung',
+  'dash.user_direct': 'Terus',
+  'dash.user_agents': 'Ejen',
+
+  'page.users.title': 'Pemain',
+  'page.users.desc': 'Cipta pemain, baki, stake, tambah baki dan status',
+  'page.agents.title': 'Ejen',
+  'page.agents.desc': 'Ejen peringkat 1, had kredit, pemain dan penggunaan',
+  'page.matches.title': 'Perlawanan',
+  'page.matches.desc': 'Edit/padam draf; laraskan masa mula dan pilihan utama bila diterbitkan',
+  'page.bets.title': 'Pertaruhan',
+  'page.bets.desc': 'Tapis dan halaman semua pertaruhan dengan butiran pilihan',
+  'page.cashback.title': 'Rebat',
+  'page.cashback.desc': 'Jana dan keluarkan rebat mengikut tempoh',
+  'page.audit.title': 'Log audit',
+  'page.audit.desc': 'Sejarah tindakan pentadbir',
+  'page.settlement.title': 'Penyelesaian',
+  'page.agent_dash.title': 'Gambaran ejen',
+  'page.agent_dash.desc': 'Ringkasan langsung',
+  'page.agent_players.title': 'Pemain saya',
+  'page.agent_players.desc': 'Pemain di bawah akaun anda',
+  'page.agent_sub.title': 'Sub-ejen',
+  'page.agent_sub.desc': 'Ejen peringkat 1 sahaja',
+  'page.agent_bets.title': 'Carian pertaruhan',
+  'page.agent_bets.desc': 'Semua pertaruhan pemain hiliran',
+
+  'agent.credit_limit': 'Had kredit',
+  'agent.credit_total': 'Jumlah had',
+  'agent.credit_used': 'Kredit digunakan',
+  'agent.credit_occupied': 'Sedang digunakan',
+  'agent.direct_players': 'Pemain terus',
+  'agent.player_count': 'Pemain',
+  'agent.today_stake': 'Stake hari ini',
+  'agent.currency_cny': 'CNY',
+
+  'bet.status.PENDING': 'Menunggu',
+  'bet.status.WON': 'Menang',
+  'bet.status.LOST': 'Kalah',
+  'bet.status.VOID': 'Batal',
+  'bet.status.REFUNDED': 'Dibayar balik',
+  'bet.type.SINGLE': 'Tunggal',
+  'bet.type.PARLAY': 'Berganda',
+  'bet.settlement.PENDING': 'Menunggu',
+  'bet.settlement.SETTLED': 'Diselesaikan',
+  'bet.settlement.VOID': 'Batal',
+  'bet.result.WON': 'Menang',
+  'bet.result.LOST': 'Kalah',
+  'bet.result.VOID': 'Batal',
+  'bet.result.PUSH': 'Seri',
+  'bet.result.HALF_WON': 'Separuh menang',
+  'bet.result.HALF_LOST': 'Separuh kalah',
+
+  'match.status.DRAFT': 'Draf',
+  'match.status.PUBLISHED': 'Diterbitkan',
+  'match.status.CLOSED': 'Ditutup',
+  'match.status.SETTLED': 'Diselesaikan',
+  ...adminPagesMs,
+};
+
+const messages: Record<AdminLocale, Record<string, string>> = {
+  'zh-CN': zh,
+  'en-US': en,
+  'ms-MY': ms,
+};
+
+export function adminT(locale: AdminLocale, key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>): string {
+  const chain = [locale, 'en-US', 'zh-CN'];
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+  let raw = key;
+  for (const loc of chain) {
+    if (seen.has(loc)) continue;
+    seen.add(loc);
+    const v = messages[loc as AdminLocale]?.[key];
+    if (v) {
+      raw = v;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!params) return raw;
+  return Object.entries(params).reduce(
+    (s, [k, v]) => s.replace(new RegExp(`\\{${k}\\}`, 'g'), String(v)),
+    raw,
+  );
+}
+
+export function adminLocaleTag(locale: AdminLocale): string {
+  return locale;
+}
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-pages-ms.ts b/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-pages-ms.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d05b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-pages-ms.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+/** 管理后台列表 / 弹窗 — Bahasa Melayu */
+export const adminPagesMs: Record<string, string> = {
+  'common.detail': 'Butiran',
+  'common.create': 'Cipta',
+  'common.save': 'Simpan',
+  'common.close': 'Tutup',
+  'common.import': 'Import',
+  'common.publish': 'Terbitkan',
+  'common.topup': 'Tambah baki',
+  'common.adjust_credit': 'Laraskan kredit',
+  'common.freeze': 'Bekukan',
+  'common.unfreeze': 'Nyahbeku',
+  'common.settle': 'Selesaikan',
+  'common.close_betting': 'Tutup pertaruhan',
+  'common.never_login': 'Belum pernah log masuk',
+  'common.optional': 'Pilihan',
+  'common.to': 'Hingga',
+  'common.module': 'Modul',
+  'common.col_id': 'ID',
+  'common.times': 'kali',
+  'common.bets_count_unit': 'pertaruhan',
+
+  'user.create_btn': '+ Pemain baharu',
+  'user.filter.username_ph': 'Nama pengguna',
+  'user.filter.agent': 'Ejen',
+  'user.filter.agent_ph': 'Semua',
+  'user.col.username': 'Nama pengguna',
+  'user.col.agent': 'Ejen',
+  'user.col.balance': 'Tersedia / Dibekukan',
+  'user.col.bets': 'Pertaruhan',
+  'user.col.stake_payout': 'Stake / Bayaran',
+  'user.col.last_login': 'Log masuk terakhir',
+  'user.col.created': 'Daftar',
+  'user.status.ACTIVE': 'Aktif',
+  'user.status.SUSPENDED': 'Digantung',
+  'user.dialog.create': 'Pemain baharu',
+  'user.dialog.edit': 'Edit pemain',
+  'user.dialog.deposit': 'Tambah baki pemain',
+  'user.dialog.detail': 'Butiran pemain',
+  'user.field.password': 'Kata laluan',
+  'user.field.confirm_password': 'Sahkan kata laluan',
+  'user.field.initial_balance': 'Baki permulaan',
+  'user.field.deposit_remark': 'Nota tambah baki',
+  'user.field.amount': 'Jumlah',
+  'user.field.remark': 'Nota',
+  'user.field.account_status': 'Status akaun',
+  'user.field.available': 'Baki tersedia',
+  'user.field.frozen_balance': 'Baki dibekukan',
+  'user.field.bets_summary': 'Pertaruhan / stake',
+  'user.field.total_payout': 'Jumlah bayaran',
+  'user.field.login_fail': 'Log masuk gagal',
+  'user.field.phone': 'Telefon',
+  'user.field.email': 'E-mel',
+  'user.ph.username_unique': 'Nama log masuk unik',
+  'user.ph.no_agent': 'Tiada (terus platform)',
+  'user.hint.no_agent': 'Biarkan kosong untuk pemain diurus platform',
+  'user.hint.initial_balance': 'Auto tambah baki semasa cipta; 0 = tiada bonus',
+  'user.hint.deposit_remark': 'Ditulis ke lejar jika baki permulaan > 0',
+  'user.hint.freeze_in_list': 'Beku/nyahbeku dari lajur tindakan senarai',
+  'user.hint.agent_change': 'Kosong = terus platform; perubahan dikira semula kredit ejen',
+  'user.btn.create': 'Cipta',
+  'user.btn.save_profile': 'Simpan',
+  'user.btn.confirm_deposit': 'Sahkan tambah baki',
+  'user.deposit_remark_default': 'Tambah baki admin',
+
+  'agent.create_btn': '+ Ejen peringkat 1 baharu',
+  'agent.filter.username_ph': 'Nama pengguna',
+  'agent.col.level': 'Peringkat',
+  'agent.col.credit': 'Had / Digunakan / Tersedia',
+  'agent.col.direct_players': 'Pemain terus',
+  'agent.col.cashback': 'Kadar rebat',
+  'agent.col.phone': 'Telefon',
+  'agent.col.created': 'Dicipta',
+  'agent.dialog.create': 'Ejen peringkat 1 baharu',
+  'agent.dialog.edit': 'Edit ejen',
+  'agent.dialog.credit': 'Laraskan had kredit',
+  'agent.field.agent_id': 'ID ejen',
+  'agent.dialog.detail': 'Butiran ejen',
+  'agent.field.credit_limit': 'Had kredit',
+  'agent.field.cashback_rate': 'Kadar rebat',
+  'agent.field.adjust_amount': 'Pelarasan',
+  'agent.field.used_credit': 'Kredit digunakan',
+  'agent.field.available_credit': 'Kredit tersedia',
+  'agent.field.player_liability': 'Liabiliti pemain',
+  'agent.field.sub_agent_exposure': 'Pendedahan sub-ejen',
+  'agent.hint.credit_limit': 'Had maksimum tambah baki untuk pemain terus',
+  'agent.hint.cashback_example': 'cth. 0.01 = 1%',
+  'agent.hint.credit_adjust': 'Positif menambah, negatif mengurangkan',
+  'agent.hint.credit_remark': 'Pilihan, ditulis ke lejar kredit',
+  'agent.section.credit_log': 'Perubahan kredit terkini',
+  'agent.credit.increase': 'Tambah',
+  'agent.credit.decrease': 'Kurang',
+  'agent.col.credit_type': 'Jenis',
+  'agent.col.credit_change': 'Perubahan',
+  'agent.col.credit_after': 'Selepas',
+  'agent.col.no_records': 'Tiada rekod',
+  'agent.btn.confirm_adjust': 'Sahkan',
+
+  'match.create_btn': '+ Perlawanan baharu',
+  'match.filter.keyword_ph': 'Nama perlawanan / kod pasukan',
+  'match.col.matchup': 'Perlawanan',
+  'match.col.kickoff': 'Masa mula',
+  'match.dialog.create': 'Perlawanan baharu',
+  'match.dialog.edit': 'Edit perlawanan',
+  'match.dialog.import': 'Import perlawanan',
+  'match.field.league_en': 'Liga (EN)',
+  'match.field.league_zh': 'Liga (ZH)',
+  'match.field.kickoff': 'Masa mula',
+  'match.field.home_en': 'Tuan rumah (EN)',
+  'match.field.home_zh': 'Tuan rumah (ZH)',
+  'match.field.away_en': 'Pelawat (EN)',
+  'match.field.away_zh': 'Pelawat (ZH)',
+  'match.field.featured': 'Pilihan utama',
+  'match.hint.create_draft': 'Disimpan sebagai draf; klik Terbitkan dalam senarai untuk buka pasaran.',
+  'match.hint.edit_published': 'Diterbitkan: edit masa mula, pilihan utama, nama paparan; tertutup/selesai dikunci.',
+
+  'bet.filter.keyword_ph': 'No. pertaruhan / nama pengguna',
+  'bet.filter.date_from': 'Tarikh pertaruhan dari',
+  'bet.filter.date_start_ph': 'Mula',
+  'bet.filter.date_end_ph': 'Tamat',
+  'bet.col.serial': 'No.',
+  'bet.col.bet_no': 'No. pertaruhan',
+  'bet.col.player': 'Pemain',
+  'bet.col.agent': 'Ejen',
+  'bet.col.selection': 'Pilihan',
+  'bet.col.stake': 'Stake',
+  'bet.col.odds': 'Odds',
+  'bet.col.payout': 'Bayaran',
+  'bet.col.placed_at': 'Masa pertaruhan',
+  'bet.dialog.detail': 'Butiran pertaruhan',
+  'bet.field.total_odds': 'Jumlah odds',
+  'bet.field.currency': 'Mata wang',
+  'bet.field.potential_win': 'Menang berpotensi',
+  'bet.field.actual_payout': 'Bayaran sebenar',
+  'bet.field.bet_status': 'Status pertaruhan',
+  'bet.field.settlement_status': 'Penyelesaian',
+  'bet.field.settled_at': 'Diselesaikan pada',
+  'bet.field.request_id': 'ID permintaan',
+  'bet.selections_title': 'Pilihan ({n})',
+  'bet.col.market': 'Pasaran',
+  'bet.col.period': 'Tempoh',
+  'bet.col.line': 'Garisan',
+  'bet.col.result': 'Keputusan',
+
+  'audit.module_ph': 'cth. USERS, AGENTS',
+  'audit.col.action': 'Tindakan',
+  'audit.col.module': 'Modul',
+  'audit.col.target_id': 'ID sasaran',
+  'audit.col.time': 'Masa',
+
+  'cashback.start_date': 'Tarikh mula',
+  'cashback.end_date': 'Tarikh tamat',
+  'cashback.preview_btn': 'Pratonton',
+  'cashback.preview_title': 'Pratonton rebat',
+  'cashback.stat.players': 'Pemain',
+  'cashback.stat.total': 'Jumlah rebat',
+  'cashback.confirm_issue': 'Sahkan bayaran',
+
+  'user.field.player_id': 'ID pemain',
+  'user.field.bet_count': 'Bilangan pertaruhan',
+  'user.field.total_stake': 'Jumlah stake',
+  'user.field.registered_at': 'Daftar',
+  'user.ph.remark_initial': 'Nota lejar apabila baki permulaan > 0',
+  'user.bets_edit_value': '{n} pertaruhan / {stake}',
+  'user.login_fail_value': '{n} kali',
+
+  'match.import_hint': 'Tampal JSON dengan array matches. Import sebagai draf; terbitkan dari senarai.',
+  'match.import_start': 'Import',
+  'match.import_json_ph': '{"matches":[...]}',
+  'match.delete_confirm_title': 'Padam perlawanan',
+  'match.delete_confirm_body': 'Padam "{title}"? Hanya draf tanpa pertaruhan.',
+  'match.ph.league_en': 'FIFA World Cup 2026',
+  'match.ph.league_zh': 'Piala Dunia 2026',
+  'match.ph.kickoff': '2026-06-11T19:00:00Z',
+  'match.ph.home_en': 'Mexico',
+  'match.ph.home_zh': 'Mexico',
+  'match.ph.away_en': 'South Africa',
+  'match.ph.away_zh': 'Afrika Selatan',
+
+  'err.username_required': 'Sila isi nama pengguna',
+  'err.password_min': 'Kata laluan sekurang-kurangnya 8 aksara',
+  'err.password_mismatch': 'Kata laluan tidak sepadan',
+  'err.credit_negative': 'Had kredit tidak boleh negatif',
+  'err.kickoff_required': 'Sila isi masa mula',
+  'err.teams_required': 'Isi nama pasukan tuan rumah dan pelawat (ZH atau EN)',
+  'err.league_required': 'Sila isi nama liga',
+
+  'settlement.ht_score': 'Skor separuh masa',
+  'settlement.ft_score': 'Skor penuh masa',
+  'settlement.record_score': 'Simpan skor',
+  'settlement.preview_btn': 'Pratonton penyelesaian',
+  'settlement.preview_title': 'Pratonton penyelesaian',
+  'settlement.single_count': 'Pertaruhan tunggal',
+  'settlement.est_payout': 'Anggaran bayaran',
+  'settlement.refund_amount': 'Jumlah bayaran balik',
+  'settlement.confirm_btn': 'Sahkan penyelesaian',
+  'msg.score_recorded': 'Skor disimpan',
+  'msg.settlement_confirmed': 'Penyelesaian disahkan',
+
+  'agent_portal.create_player_section': 'Cipta pemain',
+  'agent_portal.deposit_section': 'Tambah baki',
+  'agent_portal.create_player_btn': '+ Pemain baharu',
+  'agent_portal.create_tier2_btn': '+ Sub-ejen baharu',
+  'agent_portal.username_ph': 'Masukkan nama pengguna',
+  'agent_portal.agent_username_ph': 'Nama pengguna ejen',
+  'agent_portal.player_id_ph': 'ID pemain',
+  'agent_portal.withdraw_btn': 'Keluarkan {amount}',
+  'msg.agent_sub_created': 'Sub-ejen dicipta',
+  'msg.withdraw_ok': 'Pengeluaran berjaya',
+
+  'msg.form_invalid': 'Sila semak borang',
+  'msg.player_created': 'Pemain dicipta',
+  'msg.agent_created': 'Ejen dicipta',
+  'msg.create_failed': 'Gagal mencipta',
+  'msg.saved': 'Disimpan',
+  'msg.save_failed': 'Gagal menyimpan',
+  'msg.deleted': 'Dipadam',
+  'msg.delete_failed': 'Gagal memadam',
+  'msg.match_created_draft': 'Perlawanan dicipta (draf)',
+  'msg.published': 'Diterbitkan dengan pasaran',
+  'msg.closed': 'Pertaruhan ditutup',
+  'msg.invalid_json': 'JSON tidak sah',
+  'msg.import_failed': 'Import gagal',
+  'msg.import_done': 'Import: {imported} ok, {skipped} dilangkau, {failed} gagal / {total} jumlah',
+  'msg.topup_ok': 'Tambah baki berjaya',
+  'msg.topup_failed': 'Tambah baki gagal',
+  'msg.amount_gt_zero': 'Jumlah mesti lebih daripada 0',
+  'msg.credit_zero': 'Pelarasan tidak boleh 0',
+  'msg.credit_adjusted': 'Kredit dikemas kini',
+  'msg.credit_adjust_failed': 'Pelarasan gagal',
+  'msg.outright_no_edit': 'Outright tidak boleh diedit di sini',
+  'msg.load_matches_failed': 'Gagal memuatkan perlawanan',
+  'msg.cashback_issued': 'Rebat telah dikeluarkan',
+  'msg.freeze_confirm_title': '{action} akaun',
+  'msg.freeze_confirm_body': '{action} pemain "{name}"?{extra}',
+  'msg.freeze_extra': ' Mereka tidak akan dapat log masuk.',
+  'msg.freeze_done': '{action} selesai',
+  'msg.freeze_failed': '{action} gagal',
+};
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-pages.ts b/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-pages.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..497f66c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/i18n/admin-pages.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+/** 列表页 / 弹窗文案（并入 admin-messages） */
+export const adminPagesZh: Record<string, string> = {
+  'common.detail': '详情',
+  'common.create': '创建',
+  'common.save': '保存',
+  'common.close': '关闭',
+  'common.import': '导入',
+  'common.publish': '发布',
+  'common.topup': '上分',
+  'common.adjust_credit': '调额',
+  'common.freeze': '冻结',
+  'common.unfreeze': '解冻',
+  'common.settle': '结算',
+  'common.close_betting': '封盘',
+  'common.never_login': '从未登录',
+  'common.optional': '选填',
+  'common.to': '止',
+  'common.module': '模块',
+  'common.col_id': 'ID',
+  'common.times': '次',
+  'common.bets_count_unit': '笔',
+
+  'user.create_btn': '+ 新建玩家',
+  'user.filter.username_ph': '用户名',
+  'user.filter.agent': '所属代理',
+  'user.filter.agent_ph': '全部',
+  'user.col.username': '用户名',
+  'user.col.agent': '所属代理',
+  'user.col.balance': '可用 / 冻结',
+  'user.col.bets': '注单',
+  'user.col.stake_payout': '投注 / 派彩',
+  'user.col.last_login': '最后登录',
+  'user.col.created': '注册时间',
+  'user.status.ACTIVE': '正常',
+  'user.status.SUSPENDED': '停用',
+  'user.dialog.create': '新建玩家',
+  'user.dialog.edit': '编辑玩家',
+  'user.dialog.deposit': '玩家上分',
+  'user.dialog.detail': '玩家详情',
+  'user.field.password': '登录密码',
+  'user.field.confirm_password': '确认密码',
+  'user.field.initial_balance': '初始余额',
+  'user.field.deposit_remark': '上分备注',
+  'user.field.amount': '金额',
+  'user.field.remark': '备注',
+  'user.field.account_status': '账号状态',
+  'user.field.available': '可用余额',
+  'user.field.frozen_balance': '冻结余额',
+  'user.field.bets_summary': '注单 / 投注',
+  'user.field.total_payout': '累计派彩',
+  'user.field.login_fail': '登录失败',
+  'user.field.phone': '手机',
+  'user.field.email': '邮箱',
+  'user.ph.username_unique': '登录用户名，唯一',
+  'user.ph.no_agent': '不设置（平台直属玩家）',
+  'user.hint.no_agent': '留空表示不挂靠代理，由平台直接管理',
+  'user.hint.initial_balance': '创建后自动上分，0 表示不开户赠金',
+  'user.hint.deposit_remark': '有初始余额时写入流水备注',
+  'user.hint.freeze_in_list': '冻结/解冻请在列表操作列进行',
+  'user.hint.agent_change': '留空表示平台直属；变更后会重算相关代理已用授信',
+  'user.btn.create': '创建',
+  'user.btn.save_profile': '保存资料',
+  'user.btn.confirm_deposit': '确认上分',
+  'user.deposit_remark_default': '管理员上分',
+
+  'agent.create_btn': '+ 新建一级代理',
+  'agent.filter.username_ph': '用户名',
+  'agent.col.level': '层级',
+  'agent.col.credit': '授信 / 已用 / 可用',
+  'agent.col.direct_players': '直属玩家',
+  'agent.col.cashback': '返水率',
+  'agent.col.phone': '手机',
+  'agent.col.created': '创建时间',
+  'agent.dialog.create': '新建一级代理',
+  'agent.dialog.edit': '编辑代理',
+  'agent.dialog.credit': '调整授信额度',
+  'agent.field.agent_id': '代理 ID',
+  'agent.dialog.detail': '代理详情',
+  'agent.field.credit_limit': '授信额度',
+  'agent.field.cashback_rate': '返水比例',
+  'agent.field.adjust_amount': '调整金额',
+  'agent.field.used_credit': '已用额度',
+  'agent.field.available_credit': '可用授信',
+  'agent.field.player_liability': '玩家负债',
+  'agent.field.sub_agent_exposure': '下级代理敞口',
+  'agent.hint.credit_limit': '代理可向直属玩家上分的总额度上限',
+  'agent.hint.cashback_example': '例如 0.01 表示 1%',
+  'agent.hint.credit_adjust': '正数为增加授信，负数为减少',
+  'agent.hint.credit_remark': '选填，写入额度流水',
+  'agent.section.credit_log': '最近额度变动',
+  'agent.credit.increase': '增加',
+  'agent.credit.decrease': '减少',
+  'agent.col.credit_type': '类型',
+  'agent.col.credit_change': '变动',
+  'agent.col.credit_after': '变动后',
+  'agent.col.no_records': '暂无记录',
+  'agent.btn.confirm_adjust': '确认调整',
+
+  'match.create_btn': '+ 新增赛事',
+  'match.filter.keyword_ph': '赛事名 / 球队代码',
+  'match.col.matchup': '对阵',
+  'match.col.kickoff': '开赛时间',
+  'match.dialog.create': '新增赛事',
+  'match.dialog.edit': '编辑赛事',
+  'match.dialog.import': '导入赛事',
+  'match.field.league_en': '联赛（英）',
+  'match.field.league_zh': '联赛（中）',
+  'match.field.kickoff': '开赛时间',
+  'match.field.home_en': '主队（英）',
+  'match.field.home_zh': '主队（中）',
+  'match.field.away_en': '客队（英）',
+  'match.field.away_zh': '客队（中）',
+  'match.field.featured': '热门',
+  'match.hint.create_draft': '创建后为草稿，请在列表点击「发布」并生成盘口。',
+  'match.hint.edit_published': '已发布：可修改开赛时间、热门及显示名称；封盘/已结算后不可编辑。',
+
+  'bet.filter.keyword_ph': '流水编号 / 玩家用户名',
+  'bet.filter.date_from': '投注日起',
+  'bet.filter.date_start_ph': '开始',
+  'bet.filter.date_end_ph': '结束',
+  'bet.col.serial': '单号',
+  'bet.col.bet_no': '流水编号',
+  'bet.col.player': '玩家',
+  'bet.col.agent': '所属代理',
+  'bet.col.selection': '选项',
+  'bet.col.stake': '投注额',
+  'bet.col.odds': '赔率',
+  'bet.col.payout': '派彩',
+  'bet.col.placed_at': '投注时间',
+  'bet.dialog.detail': '注单详情',
+  'bet.field.total_odds': '总赔率',
+  'bet.field.currency': '币种',
+  'bet.field.potential_win': '可赢额',
+  'bet.field.actual_payout': '实际派彩',
+  'bet.field.bet_status': '注单状态',
+  'bet.field.settlement_status': '结算状态',
+  'bet.field.settled_at': '结算时间',
+  'bet.field.request_id': '请求 ID',
+  'bet.selections_title': '投注项（{n}）',
+  'bet.col.market': '玩法',
+  'bet.col.period': '时段',
+  'bet.col.line': '盘口',
+  'bet.col.result': '赛果',
+
+  'audit.module_ph': '如 USERS、AGENTS',
+  'audit.col.action': '操作',
+  'audit.col.module': '模块',
+  'audit.col.target_id': '目标 ID',
+  'audit.col.time': '时间',
+
+  'cashback.start_date': '开始日期',
+  'cashback.end_date': '结束日期',
+  'cashback.preview_btn': '生成预览',
+  'cashback.preview_title': '返水预览',
+  'cashback.stat.players': '涉及玩家数',
+  'cashback.stat.total': '返水总金额',
+  'cashback.confirm_issue': '确认发放',
+
+  'user.field.player_id': '玩家 ID',
+  'user.field.bet_count': '注单数',
+  'user.field.total_stake': '累计投注',
+  'user.field.registered_at': '注册时间',
+  'user.ph.remark_initial': '有初始余额时写入流水备注',
+  'user.bets_edit_value': '{n} 笔 / {stake}',
+  'user.login_fail_value': '{n} 次',
+
+  'match.import_hint': '粘贴含 matches 的 JSON，导入后为草稿，需在列表发布。',
+  'match.import_start': '开始导入',
+  'match.import_json_ph': '{"matches":[...]}',
+  'match.delete_confirm_title': '删除确认',
+  'match.delete_confirm_body': '确定删除赛事「{title}」？仅草稿且无注单时可删除。',
+  'match.ph.league_en': 'FIFA World Cup 2026',
+  'match.ph.league_zh': '2026 世界杯',
+  'match.ph.kickoff': '2026-06-11T19:00:00Z',
+  'match.ph.home_en': 'Mexico',
+  'match.ph.home_zh': '墨西哥',
+  'match.ph.away_en': 'South Africa',
+  'match.ph.away_zh': '南非',
+
+  'err.username_required': '请填写用户名',
+  'err.password_min': '密码至少 8 位',
+  'err.password_mismatch': '两次密码不一致',
+  'err.credit_negative': '授信额度不能为负',
+  'err.kickoff_required': '请填写开赛时间',
+  'err.teams_required': '请填写主客队名称（中文或英文至少一项）',
+  'err.league_required': '请填写联赛名称',
+
+  'settlement.ht_score': '半场比分',
+  'settlement.ft_score': '全场比分',
+  'settlement.record_score': '录入比分',
+  'settlement.preview_btn': '生成结算预览',
+  'settlement.preview_title': '结算预览',
+  'settlement.single_count': '单关注单数',
+  'settlement.est_payout': '预计派彩',
+  'settlement.refund_amount': '退款金额',
+  'settlement.confirm_btn': '确认结算',
+  'msg.score_recorded': '比分已录入',
+  'msg.settlement_confirmed': '结算已确认',
+
+  'agent_portal.create_player_section': '创建玩家',
+  'agent_portal.deposit_section': '上分操作',
+  'agent_portal.create_player_btn': '+ 创建玩家',
+  'agent_portal.create_tier2_btn': '+ 创建二级代理',
+  'agent_portal.username_ph': '输入用户名',
+  'agent_portal.agent_username_ph': '代理用户名',
+  'agent_portal.player_id_ph': '玩家 ID',
+  'agent_portal.withdraw_btn': '下分 {amount}',
+  'msg.agent_sub_created': '下级代理已创建',
+  'msg.withdraw_ok': '下分成功',
+
+  'msg.form_invalid': '请检查表单',
+  'msg.player_created': '玩家已创建',
+  'msg.agent_created': '一级代理已创建',
+  'msg.create_failed': '创建失败',
+  'msg.saved': '已保存',
+  'msg.save_failed': '保存失败',
+  'msg.deleted': '已删除',
+  'msg.delete_failed': '删除失败',
+  'msg.match_created_draft': '赛事已创建（草稿）',
+  'msg.published': '已发布并生成盘口',
+  'msg.closed': '已封盘',
+  'msg.invalid_json': 'JSON 格式无效',
+  'msg.import_failed': '导入失败',
+  'msg.import_done': '导入完成：成功 {imported}，跳过 {skipped}，失败 {failed} / 共 {total}',
+  'msg.topup_ok': '上分成功',
+  'msg.topup_failed': '上分失败',
+  'msg.amount_gt_zero': '金额须大于 0',
+  'msg.credit_zero': '调整金额不能为 0',
+  'msg.credit_adjusted': '授信已调整',
+  'msg.credit_adjust_failed': '调整失败',
+  'msg.outright_no_edit': '冠军盘不支持在此编辑',
+  'msg.load_matches_failed': '加载赛事失败',
+  'msg.cashback_issued': '返水已发放',
+  'msg.freeze_confirm_title': '{action}账号',
+  'msg.freeze_confirm_body': '确定要{action}玩家「{name}」吗？{extra}',
+  'msg.freeze_extra': '冻结后该账号将无法登录。',
+  'msg.freeze_done': '已{action}',
+  'msg.freeze_failed': '{action}失败',
+};
+
+export const adminPagesEn: Record<string, string> = {
+  'common.detail': 'Details',
+  'common.create': 'Create',
+  'common.save': 'Save',
+  'common.close': 'Close',
+  'common.import': 'Import',
+  'common.publish': 'Publish',
+  'common.topup': 'Top up',
+  'common.adjust_credit': 'Adjust credit',
+  'common.freeze': 'Freeze',
+  'common.unfreeze': 'Unfreeze',
+  'common.settle': 'Settle',
+  'common.close_betting': 'Close',
+  'common.never_login': 'Never signed in',
+  'common.optional': 'Optional',
+  'common.to': 'To',
+  'common.module': 'Module',
+  'common.col_id': 'ID',
+  'common.times': 'times',
+  'common.bets_count_unit': 'bets',
+
+  'user.create_btn': '+ New player',
+  'user.filter.username_ph': 'Username',
+  'user.filter.agent': 'Agent',
+  'user.filter.agent_ph': 'All',
+  'user.col.username': 'Username',
+  'user.col.agent': 'Agent',
+  'user.col.balance': 'Available / Frozen',
+  'user.col.bets': 'Bets',
+  'user.col.stake_payout': 'Stake / Payout',
+  'user.col.last_login': 'Last login',
+  'user.col.created': 'Registered',
+  'user.status.ACTIVE': 'Active',
+  'user.status.SUSPENDED': 'Suspended',
+  'user.dialog.create': 'New player',
+  'user.dialog.edit': 'Edit player',
+  'user.dialog.deposit': 'Top up player',
+  'user.dialog.detail': 'Player details',
+  'user.field.password': 'Password',
+  'user.field.confirm_password': 'Confirm password',
+  'user.field.initial_balance': 'Initial balance',
+  'user.field.deposit_remark': 'Top-up note',
+  'user.field.amount': 'Amount',
+  'user.field.remark': 'Note',
+  'user.field.account_status': 'Account status',
+  'user.field.available': 'Available balance',
+  'user.field.frozen_balance': 'Frozen balance',
+  'user.field.bets_summary': 'Bets / stake',
+  'user.field.total_payout': 'Total payout',
+  'user.field.login_fail': 'Failed logins',
+  'user.field.phone': 'Phone',
+  'user.field.email': 'Email',
+  'user.ph.username_unique': 'Unique login username',
+  'user.ph.no_agent': 'None (platform direct)',
+  'user.hint.no_agent': 'Leave empty for platform-managed player',
+  'user.hint.initial_balance': 'Auto top-up on create; 0 = no bonus',
+  'user.hint.deposit_remark': 'Written to ledger when initial balance > 0',
+  'user.hint.freeze_in_list': 'Freeze/unfreeze from the list actions',
+  'user.hint.agent_change': 'Empty = platform direct; changes recalc agent credit',
+  'user.btn.create': 'Create',
+  'user.btn.save_profile': 'Save',
+  'user.btn.confirm_deposit': 'Confirm top-up',
+  'user.deposit_remark_default': 'Admin top-up',
+
+  'agent.create_btn': '+ New tier-1 agent',
+  'agent.filter.username_ph': 'Username',
+  'agent.col.level': 'Level',
+  'agent.col.credit': 'Limit / Used / Available',
+  'agent.col.direct_players': 'Direct players',
+  'agent.col.cashback': 'Cashback rate',
+  'agent.col.phone': 'Phone',
+  'agent.col.created': 'Created',
+  'agent.dialog.create': 'New tier-1 agent',
+  'agent.dialog.edit': 'Edit agent',
+  'agent.dialog.credit': 'Adjust credit limit',
+  'agent.field.agent_id': 'Agent ID',
+  'agent.dialog.detail': 'Agent details',
+  'agent.field.credit_limit': 'Credit limit',
+  'agent.field.cashback_rate': 'Cashback rate',
+  'agent.field.adjust_amount': 'Adjustment',
+  'agent.field.used_credit': 'Used credit',
+  'agent.field.available_credit': 'Available credit',
+  'agent.field.player_liability': 'Player liability',
+  'agent.field.sub_agent_exposure': 'Sub-agent exposure',
+  'agent.hint.credit_limit': 'Max total top-up capacity for direct players',
+  'agent.hint.cashback_example': 'e.g. 0.01 = 1%',
+  'agent.hint.credit_adjust': 'Positive increases, negative decreases',
+  'agent.hint.credit_remark': 'Optional, written to credit ledger',
+  'agent.section.credit_log': 'Recent credit changes',
+  'agent.credit.increase': 'Increase',
+  'agent.credit.decrease': 'Decrease',
+  'agent.col.credit_type': 'Type',
+  'agent.col.credit_change': 'Change',
+  'agent.col.credit_after': 'After',
+  'agent.col.no_records': 'No records',
+  'agent.btn.confirm_adjust': 'Confirm',
+
+  'match.create_btn': '+ New match',
+  'match.filter.keyword_ph': 'Match name / team code',
+  'match.col.matchup': 'Matchup',
+  'match.col.kickoff': 'Kickoff',
+  'match.dialog.create': 'New match',
+  'match.dialog.edit': 'Edit match',
+  'match.dialog.import': 'Import matches',
+  'match.field.league_en': 'League (EN)',
+  'match.field.league_zh': 'League (ZH)',
+  'match.field.kickoff': 'Kickoff time',
+  'match.field.home_en': 'Home (EN)',
+  'match.field.home_zh': 'Home (ZH)',
+  'match.field.away_en': 'Away (EN)',
+  'match.field.away_zh': 'Away (ZH)',
+  'match.field.featured': 'Featured',
+  'match.hint.create_draft': 'Saved as draft; click Publish in the list to open markets.',
+  'match.hint.edit_published': 'Published: edit kickoff, featured, display names; closed/settled are locked.',
+
+  'bet.filter.keyword_ph': 'Bet no. / username',
+  'bet.filter.date_from': 'Placed from',
+  'bet.filter.date_start_ph': 'Start',
+  'bet.filter.date_end_ph': 'End',
+  'bet.col.serial': 'No.',
+  'bet.col.bet_no': 'Bet no.',
+  'bet.col.player': 'Player',
+  'bet.col.agent': 'Agent',
+  'bet.col.selection': 'Pick',
+  'bet.col.stake': 'Stake',
+  'bet.col.odds': 'Odds',
+  'bet.col.payout': 'Payout',
+  'bet.col.placed_at': 'Placed at',
+  'bet.dialog.detail': 'Bet details',
+  'bet.field.total_odds': 'Total odds',
+  'bet.field.currency': 'Currency',
+  'bet.field.potential_win': 'Potential win',
+  'bet.field.actual_payout': 'Actual payout',
+  'bet.field.bet_status': 'Bet status',
+  'bet.field.settlement_status': 'Settlement',
+  'bet.field.settled_at': 'Settled at',
+  'bet.field.request_id': 'Request ID',
+  'bet.selections_title': 'Selections ({n})',
+  'bet.col.market': 'Market',
+  'bet.col.period': 'Period',
+  'bet.col.line': 'Line',
+  'bet.col.result': 'Result',
+
+  'audit.module_ph': 'e.g. USERS, AGENTS',
+  'audit.col.action': 'Action',
+  'audit.col.module': 'Module',
+  'audit.col.target_id': 'Target ID',
+  'audit.col.time': 'Time',
+
+  'cashback.start_date': 'Start date',
+  'cashback.end_date': 'End date',
+  'cashback.preview_btn': 'Preview',
+  'cashback.preview_title': 'Cashback preview',
+  'cashback.stat.players': 'Players',
+  'cashback.stat.total': 'Total cashback',
+  'cashback.confirm_issue': 'Confirm payout',
+
+  'user.field.player_id': 'Player ID',
+  'user.field.bet_count': 'Bet count',
+  'user.field.total_stake': 'Total stake',
+  'user.field.registered_at': 'Registered',
+  'user.ph.remark_initial': 'Ledger note when initial balance > 0',
+  'user.bets_edit_value': '{n} bets / {stake}',
+  'user.login_fail_value': '{n} times',
+
+  'match.import_hint': 'Paste JSON with matches array. Imports as draft; publish from the list.',
+  'match.import_start': 'Import',
+  'match.import_json_ph': '{"matches":[...]}',
+  'match.delete_confirm_title': 'Delete match',
+  'match.delete_confirm_body': 'Delete "{title}"? Draft with no bets only.',
+  'match.ph.league_en': 'FIFA World Cup 2026',
+  'match.ph.league_zh': '2026 World Cup',
+  'match.ph.kickoff': '2026-06-11T19:00:00Z',
+  'match.ph.home_en': 'Mexico',
+  'match.ph.home_zh': 'Mexico',
+  'match.ph.away_en': 'South Africa',
+  'match.ph.away_zh': 'South Africa',
+
+  'err.username_required': 'Username is required',
+  'err.password_min': 'Password must be at least 8 characters',
+  'err.password_mismatch': 'Passwords do not match',
+  'err.credit_negative': 'Credit limit cannot be negative',
+  'err.kickoff_required': 'Kickoff time is required',
+  'err.teams_required': 'Enter home and away team names (ZH or EN)',
+  'err.league_required': 'League name is required',
+
+  'settlement.ht_score': 'Half-time score',
+  'settlement.ft_score': 'Full-time score',
+  'settlement.record_score': 'Save score',
+  'settlement.preview_btn': 'Preview settlement',
+  'settlement.preview_title': 'Settlement preview',
+  'settlement.single_count': 'Single bets',
+  'settlement.est_payout': 'Est. payout',
+  'settlement.refund_amount': 'Refund amount',
+  'settlement.confirm_btn': 'Confirm settlement',
+  'msg.score_recorded': 'Score saved',
+  'msg.settlement_confirmed': 'Settlement confirmed',
+
+  'agent_portal.create_player_section': 'Create player',
+  'agent_portal.deposit_section': 'Top up',
+  'agent_portal.create_player_btn': '+ New player',
+  'agent_portal.create_tier2_btn': '+ New tier-2 agent',
+  'agent_portal.username_ph': 'Enter username',
+  'agent_portal.agent_username_ph': 'Agent username',
+  'agent_portal.player_id_ph': 'Player ID',
+  'agent_portal.withdraw_btn': 'Withdraw {amount}',
+  'msg.agent_sub_created': 'Sub-agent created',
+  'msg.withdraw_ok': 'Withdrawal successful',
+
+  'msg.form_invalid': 'Please check the form',
+  'msg.player_created': 'Player created',
+  'msg.agent_created': 'Agent created',
+  'msg.create_failed': 'Create failed',
+  'msg.saved': 'Saved',
+  'msg.save_failed': 'Save failed',
+  'msg.deleted': 'Deleted',
+  'msg.delete_failed': 'Delete failed',
+  'msg.match_created_draft': 'Match created (draft)',
+  'msg.published': 'Published with markets',
+  'msg.closed': 'Betting closed',
+  'msg.invalid_json': 'Invalid JSON',
+  'msg.import_failed': 'Import failed',
+  'msg.import_done': 'Import: {imported} ok, {skipped} skipped, {failed} failed / {total} total',
+  'msg.topup_ok': 'Top-up successful',
+  'msg.topup_failed': 'Top-up failed',
+  'msg.amount_gt_zero': 'Amount must be greater than 0',
+  'msg.credit_zero': 'Adjustment cannot be 0',
+  'msg.credit_adjusted': 'Credit updated',
+  'msg.credit_adjust_failed': 'Adjustment failed',
+  'msg.outright_no_edit': 'Outright cannot be edited here',
+  'msg.load_matches_failed': 'Failed to load matches',
+  'msg.cashback_issued': 'Cashback issued',
+  'msg.freeze_confirm_title': '{action} account',
+  'msg.freeze_confirm_body': '{action} player "{name}"?{extra}',
+  'msg.freeze_extra': ' They will not be able to sign in.',
+  'msg.freeze_done': '{action} completed',
+  'msg.freeze_failed': '{action} failed',
+};
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/i18n/form-validation.ts b/apps/admin/src/i18n/form-validation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..436d0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/i18n/form-validation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/** 表单校验错误（key 对应 admin-messages / admin-pages） */
+export class FormValidationError extends Error {
+  readonly key: string;
+
+  constructor(key: string) {
+    super(key);
+    this.name = 'FormValidationError';
+    this.key = key;
+  }
+}
+
+export function resolveFormError(e: unknown, t: (key: string) => string): string {
+  if (e instanceof FormValidationError) return t(e.key);
+  if (e instanceof Error && e.message.startsWith('err.')) return t(e.message);
+  return t('msg.form_invalid');
+}
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/layouts/ManageLayout.vue b/apps/admin/src/layouts/ManageLayout.vue
index 33e4ea0..9172197 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/layouts/ManageLayout.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/layouts/ManageLayout.vue
@@ -2,29 +2,32 @@
 import { computed } from 'vue';
 import { RouterView, RouterLink, useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import { useAuthStore } from '../stores/auth';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+import AdminLocaleSwitcher from '../components/AdminLocaleSwitcher.vue';
 
 const route = useRoute();
 const router = useRouter();
 const auth = useAuthStore();
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
 
-const adminMenus = [
-  { path: '/',          label: '控制台'  },
-  { path: '/users',     label: '玩家管理' },
-  { path: '/agents',    label: '代理管理' },
-  { path: '/matches',   label: '赛事管理' },
-  { path: '/bets',      label: '注单管理' },
-  { path: '/cashback',  label: '返水管理' },
-  { path: '/audit',     label: '操作日志' },
-];
+const adminMenus = computed(() => [
+  { path: '/', label: t('nav.dashboard') },
+  { path: '/users', label: t('nav.users') },
+  { path: '/agents', label: t('nav.agents') },
+  { path: '/matches', label: t('nav.matches') },
+  { path: '/bets', label: t('nav.bets') },
+  { path: '/cashback', label: t('nav.cashback') },
+  { path: '/audit', label: t('nav.audit') },
+]);
 
-const agentMenus = [
-  { path: '/',            label: '概览'   },
-  { path: '/my-players',  label: '直属玩家' },
-  { path: '/sub-agents',  label: '下级代理' },
-  { path: '/my-bets',     label: '注单查询' },
-];
+const agentMenus = computed(() => [
+  { path: '/', label: t('nav.dashboard') },
+  { path: '/my-players', label: t('nav.players') },
+  { path: '/sub-agents', label: t('nav.subAgents') },
+  { path: '/my-bets', label: t('nav.myBets') },
+]);
 
-const menus = computed(() => (auth.isAdmin.value ? adminMenus : agentMenus));
+const menus = computed(() => (auth.isAdmin.value ? adminMenus.value : agentMenus.value));
 
 const currentLabel = computed(() =>
   menus.value.find(m => m.path === route.path)?.label ?? ''
@@ -72,11 +75,12 @@ function logout() {
             <div class="avatar">{{ userInitial }}</div>
             <div class="user-info">
               <span class="user-name">{{ auth.user?.username }}</span>
-              <span class="user-role">{{ auth.isAdmin ? '系统管理员' : '代理账号' }}</span>
+              <span class="user-role">{{ auth.isAdmin ? t('role.admin') : t('role.agent') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
-          <div class="portal-tag">{{ auth.portalLabel }}</div>
-          <button class="btn-logout" @click="logout">退出</button>
+          <AdminLocaleSwitcher />
+          <div class="portal-tag">{{ auth.isAdmin ? t('portal.admin') : t('portal.agent') }}</div>
+          <button class="btn-logout" @click="logout">{{ t('logout') }}</button>
         </div>
       </header>
       <main class="page-main">
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/utils/bet-labels.ts b/apps/admin/src/utils/bet-labels.ts
index 7ea2f23..b6863b7 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/utils/bet-labels.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/utils/bet-labels.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
-export type BetTagType = '' | 'info' | 'success' | 'warning' | 'danger';
+import { computed } from 'vue';
+import { adminT, type AdminLocale } from '../i18n/admin-messages';
+import { getAdminLocale, useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
 
-const STATUS_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
-  PENDING: '待结算',
-  WON: '已赢',
-  LOST: '已输',
-  VOID: '作废',
-  REFUNDED: '已退款',
-};
+export type BetTagType = '' | 'info' | 'success' | 'warning' | 'danger';
 
 const STATUS_TAG: Record<string, BetTagType> = {
   PENDING: 'warning',
@@ -16,13 +12,14 @@ const STATUS_TAG: Record<string, BetTagType> = {
   REFUNDED: 'info',
 };
 
-const TYPE_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
-  SINGLE: '单关',
-  PARLAY: '串关',
-};
+function loc(): AdminLocale {
+  return getAdminLocale();
+}
 
 export function betStatusLabel(status: string) {
-  return STATUS_LABELS[status] ?? status;
+  const key = `bet.status.${status}`;
+  const v = adminT(loc(), key);
+  return v !== key ? v : status;
 }
 
 export function betStatusTagType(status: string): BetTagType {
@@ -30,20 +27,44 @@ export function betStatusTagType(status: string): BetTagType {
 }
 
 export function betTypeLabel(betType: string) {
-  return TYPE_LABELS[betType] ?? betType;
+  const key = `bet.type.${betType}`;
+  const v = adminT(loc(), key);
+  return v !== key ? v : betType;
 }
 
-const SETTLEMENT_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
-  PENDING: '待结算',
-  SETTLED: '已结算',
-  VOID: '已作废',
-};
-
 export function betSettlementLabel(v: string | null | undefined) {
   if (!v) return '—';
-  return SETTLEMENT_LABELS[v] ?? v;
+  const key = `bet.settlement.${v}`;
+  const label = adminT(loc(), key);
+  return label !== key ? label : v;
 }
 
+export function betResultLabel(s: string | null | undefined) {
+  if (!s) return '—';
+  const key = `bet.result.${s}`;
+  const label = adminT(loc(), key);
+  return label !== key ? label : s;
+}
+
+export function useBetFilterOptions() {
+  const { t } = useAdminLocale();
+  const statusOptions = computed(() => [
+    { value: '', label: t('common.all') },
+    { value: 'PENDING', label: t('bet.status.PENDING') },
+    { value: 'WON', label: t('bet.status.WON') },
+    { value: 'LOST', label: t('bet.status.LOST') },
+    { value: 'VOID', label: t('bet.status.VOID') },
+    { value: 'REFUNDED', label: t('bet.status.REFUNDED') },
+  ]);
+  const typeOptions = computed(() => [
+    { value: '', label: t('common.all') },
+    { value: 'SINGLE', label: t('bet.type.SINGLE') },
+    { value: 'PARLAY', label: t('bet.type.PARLAY') },
+  ]);
+  return { statusOptions, typeOptions };
+}
+
+/** @deprecated 使用 useBetFilterOptions() */
 export const BET_STATUS_OPTIONS = [
   { value: '', label: '全部' },
   { value: 'PENDING', label: '待结算' },
@@ -53,6 +74,7 @@ export const BET_STATUS_OPTIONS = [
   { value: 'REFUNDED', label: '已退款' },
 ];
 
+/** @deprecated 使用 useBetFilterOptions() */
 export const BET_TYPE_OPTIONS = [
   { value: '', label: '全部' },
   { value: 'SINGLE', label: '单关' },
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/utils/dashboard-charts.ts b/apps/admin/src/utils/dashboard-charts.ts
index a00a29e..2002488 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/utils/dashboard-charts.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/utils/dashboard-charts.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,18 @@
 import type { EChartsOption } from 'echarts';
+import type { AdminLocale } from '../i18n/admin-messages';
 import { formatAmount, formatAmountFull } from './format-amount';
 
+export type ChartI18n = {
+  locale?: AdminLocale;
+  betCountSeries: string;
+  axisAmount: string;
+  axisCount: string;
+  countSuffix: string;
+  pieTooltip: string;
+  noData: string;
+  pieEmpty: string;
+};
+
 const tooltipBase = {
   backgroundColor: '#141414',
   borderColor: '#2a2a2a',
@@ -110,7 +122,10 @@ export function buildMultiLineChartOption(
 export function buildPieChartOption(
   title: string,
   segments: PieSegment[],
+  i18n?: Partial<ChartI18n>,
 ): EChartsOption {
+  const loc = i18n?.locale;
+  const noData = i18n?.noData ?? '暂无数据';
   const data = segments.map((s) => ({
     name: s.label,
     value: s.value,
@@ -122,7 +137,7 @@ export function buildPieChartOption(
     tooltip: {
       ...tooltipBase,
       trigger: 'item',
-      formatter: '{b}：{c}（{d}%）',
+      formatter: i18n?.pieTooltip ?? '{b}：{c}（{d}%）',
     },
     legend: {
       orient: 'vertical',
@@ -151,14 +166,15 @@ export function buildPieChartOption(
           label: { fontSize: 12, fontWeight: 'bold' },
           scaleSize: 6,
         },
-        data: data.length ? data : [{ name: '暂无数据', value: 1, itemStyle: { color: '#333' } }],
+        data: data.length ? data : [{ name: noData, value: 1, itemStyle: { color: '#333' } }],
       },
     ],
   };
 }
 
-function fmtCount(v: number) {
-  return v.toLocaleString('zh-CN', { maximumFractionDigits: 0 });
+function fmtCount(v: number, locale?: AdminLocale) {
+  const tag = locale ?? 'zh-CN';
+  return v.toLocaleString(tag, { maximumFractionDigits: 0 });
 }
 
 /** 7 日金额折线 + 注单柱（双 Y 轴），一图看清趋势 */
@@ -166,7 +182,11 @@ export function buildCombinedTrendOption(
   labels: string[],
   amountSeries: ChartSeries[],
   betCounts: number[],
+  i18n: ChartI18n,
 ): EChartsOption {
+  const loc = i18n.locale;
+  const betCountName = i18n.betCountSeries;
+  const countSuffix = i18n.countSuffix;
   return {
     backgroundColor: 'transparent',
     color: [...amountSeries.map((s) => s.color), '#fb923c'],
@@ -178,9 +198,10 @@ export function buildCombinedTrendOption(
         return items
           .map((p) => {
             const v = Number(p.value ?? 0);
-            const isCount = p.seriesName === '注单笔数';
-            const val = isCount ? `${fmtCount(v)} 笔` : formatAmountFull(v);
-            return `${p.marker ?? ''}${p.seriesName}：${val}`;
+            const isCount = p.seriesName === betCountName;
+            const val = isCount ? `${fmtCount(v, loc)} ${countSuffix}` : formatAmountFull(v, loc);
+            const sep = loc?.startsWith('zh') ? '：' : ': ';
+            return `${p.marker ?? ''}${p.seriesName}${sep}${val}`;
           })
           .join('<br/>');
       },
@@ -202,16 +223,16 @@ export function buildCombinedTrendOption(
     yAxis: [
       {
         type: 'value',
-        name: '金额',
+        name: i18n.axisAmount,
         nameTextStyle: { color: '#666', fontSize: 10 },
-        axisLabel: { ...axisLabel, formatter: (v: number) => formatAmount(v) },
+        axisLabel: { ...axisLabel, formatter: (v: number) => formatAmount(v, 2, loc) },
         splitLine,
       },
       {
         type: 'value',
-        name: '笔数',
+        name: i18n.axisCount,
         nameTextStyle: { color: '#666', fontSize: 10 },
-        axisLabel: { ...axisLabel, formatter: (v: number) => fmtCount(v) },
+        axisLabel: { ...axisLabel, formatter: (v: number) => fmtCount(v, loc) },
         splitLine: { show: false },
       },
     ],
@@ -228,7 +249,7 @@ export function buildCombinedTrendOption(
         lineStyle: { color: s.color, width: 2 },
       })),
       {
-        name: '注单笔数',
+        name: betCountName,
         type: 'bar',
         yAxisIndex: 1,
         data: betCounts,
@@ -242,7 +263,10 @@ export function buildCombinedTrendOption(
 /** 三个饼图并排，占一张图 */
 export function buildTriplePieOption(
   blocks: { title: string; segments: PieSegment[] }[],
+  i18n?: Partial<ChartI18n>,
 ): EChartsOption {
+  const pieEmpty = i18n?.pieEmpty ?? '暂无';
+  const pieTooltip = i18n?.pieTooltip ?? '{b}：{c}（{d}%）';
   const slots = [
     { center: ['18%', '58%'] as [string, string], titleLeft: '14%' },
     { center: ['50%', '58%'] as [string, string], titleLeft: '46%' },
@@ -254,7 +278,7 @@ export function buildTriplePieOption(
     tooltip: {
       ...tooltipBase,
       trigger: 'item',
-      formatter: '{b}：{c}（{d}%）',
+      formatter: pieTooltip,
     },
     graphic: blocks.map((b, i) => ({
       type: 'text' as const,
@@ -283,7 +307,7 @@ export function buildTriplePieOption(
         labelLine: { show: false },
         data: data.length
           ? data
-          : [{ name: '暂无', value: 1, itemStyle: { color: '#333' } }],
+          : [{ name: pieEmpty, value: 1, itemStyle: { color: '#333' } }],
       };
     }),
   };
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/utils/format-amount.ts b/apps/admin/src/utils/format-amount.ts
index 3dfe808..2ae3ef6 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/utils/format-amount.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/utils/format-amount.ts
@@ -1,38 +1,57 @@
-/** 完整数字（悬停提示、详情对照） */
-export function formatAmountFull(value: string | number | null | undefined): string {
-  const n = Number(value);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return '—';
-  return n.toLocaleString('zh-CN', { maximumFractionDigits: 4 });
+import { getAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+import type { AdminLocale } from '../i18n/admin-messages';
+
+function resolveLocale(locale?: AdminLocale): AdminLocale {
+  return locale ?? getAdminLocale();
 }
 
-function unitPart(abs: number, divisor: number, maxDecimals: number): string {
-  return (abs / divisor).toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+function localeTag(locale: AdminLocale): string {
+  return locale;
+}
+
+/** 完整数字（悬停提示、详情对照） */
+export function formatAmountFull(
+  value: string | number | null | undefined,
+  locale?: AdminLocale,
+): string {
+  const n = Number(value);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return '—';
+  return n.toLocaleString(localeTag(resolveLocale(locale)), { maximumFractionDigits: 4 });
+}
+
+function unitPart(abs: number, divisor: number, maxDecimals: number, locale: AdminLocale): string {
+  return (abs / divisor).toLocaleString(localeTag(locale), {
     minimumFractionDigits: 0,
     maximumFractionDigits: maxDecimals,
   });
 }
 
 /**
- * 金额展示：≥1万用「万」，≥1亿用「亿」，避免表格撑破布局
+ * 金额展示：中文用万/亿；英文用 K/M/B
  */
 export function formatAmount(
   value: string | number | null | undefined,
   maxDecimals = 2,
+  locale?: AdminLocale,
 ): string {
   const n = Number(value);
   if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return '—';
 
+  const loc = resolveLocale(locale);
   const sign = n < 0 ? '-' : '';
   const abs = Math.abs(n);
+  const zh = loc.startsWith('zh');
 
-  if (abs >= 1e8) {
-    return `${sign}${unitPart(abs, 1e8, maxDecimals)}亿`;
-  }
-  if (abs >= 1e4) {
-    return `${sign}${unitPart(abs, 1e4, maxDecimals)}万`;
+  if (zh) {
+    if (abs >= 1e8) return `${sign}${unitPart(abs, 1e8, maxDecimals, loc)}亿`;
+    if (abs >= 1e4) return `${sign}${unitPart(abs, 1e4, maxDecimals, loc)}万`;
+  } else {
+    if (abs >= 1e9) return `${sign}${unitPart(abs, 1e9, maxDecimals, loc)}B`;
+    if (abs >= 1e6) return `${sign}${unitPart(abs, 1e6, maxDecimals, loc)}M`;
+    if (abs >= 1e3) return `${sign}${unitPart(abs, 1e3, maxDecimals, loc)}K`;
   }
 
-  return n.toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+  return n.toLocaleString(localeTag(loc), {
     minimumFractionDigits: 0,
     maximumFractionDigits: maxDecimals,
   });
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Agents.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Agents.vue
index aa488b0..57216e6 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Agents.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Agents.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+import { resolveFormError } from '../i18n/form-validation';
 import api from '../api';
+
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
 import {
   emptyAgentCreateForm,
@@ -102,18 +106,18 @@ async function submitCreate() {
   try {
     payload = buildCreateAgentPayload(createForm.value);
   } catch (e) {
-    ElMessage.warning(e instanceof Error ? e.message : '请检查表单');
+    ElMessage.warning(resolveFormError(e, t));
     return;
   }
   createLoading.value = true;
   try {
     await api.post('/admin/agents', payload);
-    ElMessage.success('一级代理已创建');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.agent_created'));
     createVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '创建失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.create_failed'));
   } finally {
     createLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -128,12 +132,12 @@ async function submitEdit() {
       email: editForm.value.email.trim() || undefined,
       cashbackRate: editForm.value.cashbackRate,
     });
-    ElMessage.success('已保存');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.saved'));
     editVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '保存失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.save_failed'));
   } finally {
     editLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@ async function submitEdit() {
 
 async function submitCredit() {
   if (creditForm.value.amount === 0) {
-    ElMessage.warning('调整金额不能为 0');
+    ElMessage.warning(t('msg.credit_zero'));
     return;
   }
   creditLoading.value = true;
@@ -151,12 +155,12 @@ async function submitCredit() {
       requestId: `credit-${editingId.value}-${Date.now()}`,
       remark: creditForm.value.remark || undefined,
     });
-    ElMessage.success('授信已调整');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.credit_adjusted'));
     creditVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '调整失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.credit_adjust_failed'));
   } finally {
     creditLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -172,13 +176,15 @@ function statusTagType(s: string) {
 }
 
 function statusLabel(s: string) {
-  return s === 'ACTIVE' ? '正常' : s === 'SUSPENDED' ? '停用' : s;
+  const key = `user.status.${s}`;
+  const v = t(key);
+  return v !== key ? v : s;
 }
 
-function creditTypeLabel(t: string) {
-  if (t === 'CREDIT_INCREASE') return '增加';
-  if (t === 'CREDIT_DECREASE') return '减少';
-  return t;
+function creditTypeLabel(type: string) {
+  if (type === 'CREDIT_INCREASE') return t('agent.credit.increase');
+  if (type === 'CREDIT_DECREASE') return t('agent.credit.decrease');
+  return type;
 }
 </script>
 
@@ -186,25 +192,25 @@ function creditTypeLabel(t: string) {
   <div class="admin-list-page">
   <div class="page-header">
     <div>
-      <h2 class="page-title">代理管理</h2>
-      <span class="page-desc">创建一级代理、调整授信额度、查看直属玩家与额度占用</span>
+      <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.agents.title') }}</h2>
+      <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.agents.desc') }}</span>
     </div>
-    <el-button type="primary" @click="openCreate">+ 新建一级代理</el-button>
+    <el-button type="primary" @click="openCreate">{{ t('agent.create_btn') }}</el-button>
   </div>
 
   <el-card class="filter-card" shadow="never">
     <el-form inline>
-      <el-form-item label="关键词">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.keyword')">
         <el-input
           v-model="keyword"
-          placeholder="用户名"
+          :placeholder="t('agent.filter.username_ph')"
           clearable
           style="width: 180px"
           @keyup.enter="load"
         />
       </el-form-item>
       <el-form-item>
-        <el-button type="primary" @click="load">查询</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="load">{{ t('common.search') }}</el-button>
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
   </el-card>
@@ -213,37 +219,37 @@ function creditTypeLabel(t: string) {
     <div class="table-wrap">
     <el-table :data="agents" stripe>
       <el-table-column prop="userId" label="ID" width="72" />
-      <el-table-column prop="username" label="用户名" min-width="120" />
-      <el-table-column label="状态" width="88">
+      <el-table-column prop="username" :label="t('user.col.username')" min-width="120" />
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.status')" width="88">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tag :type="statusTagType(row.status)" size="small">
             {{ statusLabel(row.status) }}
           </el-tag>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column prop="level" label="层级" width="72" align="center" />
-      <el-table-column label="授信 / 已用 / 可用" min-width="168" align="right">
+      <el-table-column prop="level" :label="t('agent.col.level')" width="72" align="center" />
+      <el-table-column :label="t('agent.col.credit')" min-width="168" align="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tooltip :content="creditLineFull(row)" placement="top">
             <span class="amount-compact">{{ creditLine(row) }}</span>
           </el-tooltip>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column prop="directPlayerCount" label="直属玩家" width="96" align="center" />
-      <el-table-column label="返水率" width="88" align="right">
+      <el-table-column prop="directPlayerCount" :label="t('agent.col.direct_players')" width="96" align="center" />
+      <el-table-column :label="t('agent.col.cashback')" width="88" align="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ row.cashbackRate }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column prop="phone" label="手机" min-width="110">
+      <el-table-column prop="phone" :label="t('agent.col.phone')" min-width="110">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ row.phone ?? '—' }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="创建时间" min-width="158">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('agent.col.created')" min-width="158">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ formatTime(row.createdAt) }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="操作" width="240" fixed="right" align="center">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.actions')" width="240" fixed="right" align="center">
         <template #default="{ row }">
-          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openDetail(row.userId)">详情</el-button>
-          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openEdit(row.userId)">编辑</el-button>
-          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openCredit(row)">调额</el-button>
+          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openDetail(row.userId)">{{ t('common.detail') }}</el-button>
+          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openEdit(row.userId)">{{ t('common.edit') }}</el-button>
+          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openCredit(row)">{{ t('common.adjust_credit') }}</el-button>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
     </el-table>
@@ -262,27 +268,27 @@ function creditTypeLabel(t: string) {
     </div>
   </el-card>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="createVisible" title="新建一级代理" width="520px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="createVisible" :title="t('agent.dialog.create')" width="520px" destroy-on-close>
     <el-form label-width="100px">
-      <el-form-item label="用户名" required>
-        <el-input v-model="createForm.username" placeholder="登录用户名，唯一" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.col.username')" required>
+        <el-input v-model="createForm.username" :placeholder="t('user.ph.username_unique')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="登录密码" required>
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.password')" required>
         <el-input v-model="createForm.password" type="text" autocomplete="off" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="确认密码" required>
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.confirm_password')" required>
         <el-input v-model="createForm.confirmPassword" type="text" autocomplete="off" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="授信额度" required>
+      <el-form-item :label="t('agent.field.credit_limit')" required>
         <el-input-number
           v-model="createForm.creditLimit"
           :min="0"
           :step="10000"
           style="width: 100%"
         />
-        <div class="field-hint">代理可向直属玩家上分的总额度上限</div>
+        <div class="field-hint">{{ t('agent.hint.credit_limit') }}</div>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="返水比例">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('agent.field.cashback_rate')">
         <el-input-number
           v-model="createForm.cashbackRate"
           :min="0"
@@ -291,30 +297,30 @@ function creditTypeLabel(t: string) {
           :precision="4"
           style="width: 100%"
         />
-        <div class="field-hint">例如 0.01 表示 1%</div>
+        <div class="field-hint">{{ t('agent.hint.cashback_example') }}</div>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="手机号">
-        <el-input v-model="createForm.phone" placeholder="选填" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.phone')">
+        <el-input v-model="createForm.phone" :placeholder="t('common.optional')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="邮箱">
-        <el-input v-model="createForm.email" placeholder="选填" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.email')">
+        <el-input v-model="createForm.email" :placeholder="t('common.optional')" />
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="createVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="createLoading" @click="submitCreate">创建</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="createVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="createLoading" @click="submitCreate">{{ t('user.btn.create') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="editVisible" title="编辑代理" width="480px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="editVisible" :title="t('agent.dialog.edit')" width="480px" destroy-on-close>
     <el-form label-width="88px">
-      <el-form-item label="账号状态">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.account_status')">
         <el-radio-group v-model="editForm.status">
-          <el-radio value="ACTIVE">正常</el-radio>
-          <el-radio value="SUSPENDED">停用</el-radio>
+          <el-radio value="ACTIVE">{{ t('user.status.ACTIVE') }}</el-radio>
+          <el-radio value="SUSPENDED">{{ t('user.status.SUSPENDED') }}</el-radio>
         </el-radio-group>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="返水比例">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('agent.field.cashback_rate')">
         <el-input-number
           v-model="editForm.cashbackRate"
           :min="0"
@@ -324,111 +330,111 @@ function creditTypeLabel(t: string) {
           style="width: 100%"
         />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="手机号">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.phone')">
         <el-input v-model="editForm.phone" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="邮箱">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.email')">
         <el-input v-model="editForm.email" />
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="editVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="editLoading" @click="submitEdit">保存</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="editVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="editLoading" @click="submitEdit">{{ t('common.save') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="creditVisible" title="调整授信额度" width="420px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="creditVisible" :title="t('agent.dialog.credit')" width="420px" destroy-on-close>
     <el-form label-width="88px">
-      <el-form-item label="代理 ID">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('agent.field.agent_id')">
         <el-input :model-value="editingId" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="调整金额">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('agent.field.adjust_amount')">
         <el-input-number v-model="creditForm.amount" :step="1000" style="width: 100%" />
-        <div class="field-hint">正数为增加授信，负数为减少</div>
+        <div class="field-hint">{{ t('agent.hint.credit_adjust') }}</div>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="备注">
-        <el-input v-model="creditForm.remark" placeholder="选填，写入额度流水" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.remark')">
+        <el-input v-model="creditForm.remark" :placeholder="t('agent.hint.credit_remark')" />
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="creditVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="creditLoading" @click="submitCredit">确认调整</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="creditVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="creditLoading" @click="submitCredit">{{ t('agent.btn.confirm_adjust') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="detailVisible" title="代理详情" width="640px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="detailVisible" :title="t('agent.dialog.detail')" width="640px" destroy-on-close>
     <template v-if="detail">
       <el-descriptions :column="2" border size="small" class="detail-block">
-        <el-descriptions-item label="ID">{{ detail.userId }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="用户名">{{ detail.username }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="状态">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('common.col_id')">{{ detail.userId }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.col.username')">{{ detail.username }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('common.status')">
           <el-tag :type="statusTagType(detail.status)" size="small">
             {{ statusLabel(detail.status) }}
           </el-tag>
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="层级">L{{ detail.level }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="授信额度">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.col.level')">L{{ detail.level }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.field.credit_limit')">
           {{ formatAmount(detail.creditLimit) }}
           <span v-if="shouldCompact(detail.creditLimit)" class="amount-full-hint">
             （{{ formatAmountFull(detail.creditLimit) }}）
           </span>
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="已用额度">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.field.used_credit')">
           {{ formatAmount(detail.usedCredit) }}
           <span v-if="shouldCompact(detail.usedCredit)" class="amount-full-hint">
             （{{ formatAmountFull(detail.usedCredit) }}）
           </span>
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="可用授信">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.field.available_credit')">
           {{ formatAmount(detail.availableCredit) }}
           <span v-if="shouldCompact(detail.availableCredit)" class="amount-full-hint">
             （{{ formatAmountFull(detail.availableCredit) }}）
           </span>
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="直属玩家">{{ detail.directPlayerCount }} 人</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="玩家负债">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.col.direct_players')">{{ detail.directPlayerCount }} {{ t('common.people') }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.field.player_liability')">
           {{ formatAmount(detail.directPlayerLiability) }}
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="下级代理敞口">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.field.sub_agent_exposure')">
           {{ formatAmount(detail.childAgentExposure) }}
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="返水率">{{ detail.cashbackRate }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="手机">{{ detail.phone ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="邮箱">{{ detail.email ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="最后登录" :span="2">
-          {{ detail.lastLoginAt ? formatTime(detail.lastLoginAt) : '从未登录' }}
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.col.cashback')">{{ detail.cashbackRate }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.phone')">{{ detail.phone ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.email')">{{ detail.email ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.col.last_login')" :span="2">
+          {{ detail.lastLoginAt ? formatTime(detail.lastLoginAt) : t('common.never_login') }}
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="创建时间" :span="2">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('agent.col.created')" :span="2">
           {{ formatTime(detail.createdAt) }}
         </el-descriptions-item>
       </el-descriptions>
 
-      <div class="section-title">最近额度变动</div>
+      <div class="section-title">{{ t('agent.section.credit_log') }}</div>
       <el-table
         :data="detail.recentCreditTransactions"
         size="small"
         stripe
-        empty-text="暂无记录"
+        :empty-text="t('agent.col.no_records')"
       >
-        <el-table-column label="类型" width="80">
+        <el-table-column :label="t('agent.col.credit_type')" width="80">
           <template #default="{ row }">{{ creditTypeLabel(row.transactionType) }}</template>
         </el-table-column>
-        <el-table-column label="变动" width="96" align="right">
+        <el-table-column :label="t('agent.col.credit_change')" width="96" align="right">
           <template #default="{ row }">
             <el-tooltip :content="formatAmountFull(row.amount)" placement="top">
               <span>{{ formatAmount(row.amount) }}</span>
             </el-tooltip>
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
-        <el-table-column label="变动后" width="96" align="right">
+        <el-table-column :label="t('agent.col.credit_after')" width="96" align="right">
           <template #default="{ row }">
             <el-tooltip :content="formatAmountFull(row.creditAfter)" placement="top">
               <span>{{ formatAmount(row.creditAfter) }}</span>
             </el-tooltip>
           </template>
         </el-table-column>
-        <el-table-column prop="remark" label="备注" min-width="120" show-overflow-tooltip />
-        <el-table-column label="时间" min-width="150">
+        <el-table-column prop="remark" :label="t('user.field.remark')" min-width="120" show-overflow-tooltip />
+        <el-table-column :label="t('audit.col.time')" min-width="150">
           <template #default="{ row }">{{ formatTime(row.createdAt) }}</template>
         </el-table-column>
       </el-table>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Audit.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Audit.vue
index 7995773..d1fe140 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Audit.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Audit.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
 import api from '../api';
 
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
+
 const logs = ref<unknown[]>([]);
 const total = ref(0);
 const page = ref(1);
@@ -37,23 +40,23 @@ function onSizeChange(size: number) {
 <template>
   <div class="admin-list-page">
     <div class="page-header">
-      <h2 class="page-title">操作日志</h2>
-      <span class="page-desc">记录所有管理员操作行为</span>
+      <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.audit.title') }}</h2>
+      <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.audit.desc') }}</span>
     </div>
 
     <el-card class="filter-card" shadow="never">
       <el-form inline>
-        <el-form-item label="模块">
+        <el-form-item :label="t('common.module')">
           <el-input
             v-model="filterModule"
-            placeholder="如 USERS、AGENTS"
+            :placeholder="t('audit.module_ph')"
             clearable
             style="width: 160px"
             @keyup.enter="load"
           />
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item>
-          <el-button type="primary" @click="load">查询</el-button>
+          <el-button type="primary" @click="load">{{ t('common.search') }}</el-button>
         </el-form-item>
       </el-form>
     </el-card>
@@ -61,10 +64,10 @@ function onSizeChange(size: number) {
     <el-card class="data-card" shadow="never">
       <div class="table-wrap">
         <el-table :data="logs" stripe>
-          <el-table-column prop="action" label="操作" min-width="140" />
-          <el-table-column prop="module" label="模块" width="120" />
-          <el-table-column prop="targetId" label="目标ID" min-width="100" />
-          <el-table-column label="时间" min-width="160">
+          <el-table-column prop="action" :label="t('audit.col.action')" min-width="140" />
+          <el-table-column prop="module" :label="t('audit.col.module')" width="120" />
+          <el-table-column prop="targetId" :label="t('audit.col.target_id')" min-width="100" />
+          <el-table-column :label="t('audit.col.time')" min-width="160">
             <template #default="{ row }">
               {{ new Date((row as { createdAt: string }).createdAt).toLocaleString() }}
             </template>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Bets.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Bets.vue
index 8fbcaa6..53a2b06 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Bets.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Bets.vue
@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ import {
   betStatusTagType,
   betTypeLabel,
   betSettlementLabel,
-  BET_STATUS_OPTIONS,
-  BET_TYPE_OPTIONS,
+  betResultLabel,
+  useBetFilterOptions,
 } from '../utils/bet-labels';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+
+const { t, localeTag } = useAdminLocale();
+const { statusOptions, typeOptions } = useBetFilterOptions();
 import type { BetListRow, BetDetail } from './bet-form';
 
 const bets = ref<BetListRow[]>([]);
@@ -67,12 +71,12 @@ function resetFilters() {
 }
 
 function parentLabel(row: BetListRow) {
-  return row.parentUsername ?? '平台直属';
+  return row.parentUsername ?? t('common.platform_direct');
 }
 
 function formatTime(v: string | null | undefined) {
   if (!v) return '—';
-  return new Date(v).toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+  return new Date(v).toLocaleString(localeTag.value, {
     year: 'numeric',
     month: '2-digit',
     day: '2-digit',
@@ -83,16 +87,7 @@ function formatTime(v: string | null | undefined) {
 }
 
 function resultStatusLabel(s: string | null | undefined) {
-  if (!s) return '—';
-  const map: Record<string, string> = {
-    WON: '赢',
-    LOST: '输',
-    VOID: '走水',
-    PUSH: '走盘',
-    HALF_WON: '半赢',
-    HALF_LOST: '半输',
-  };
-  return map[s] ?? s;
+  return betResultLabel(s);
 }
 
 async function openDetail(row: BetListRow) {
@@ -111,62 +106,62 @@ async function openDetail(row: BetListRow) {
 <template>
   <div class="admin-list-page">
   <div class="page-header">
-    <h2 class="page-title">注单管理</h2>
-    <span class="page-desc">筛选、分页查看全平台注单，支持详情与投注项</span>
+    <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.bets.title') }}</h2>
+    <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.bets.desc') }}</span>
   </div>
 
   <el-card class="filter-card" shadow="never">
     <el-form inline>
-      <el-form-item label="关键词">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.keyword')">
         <el-input
           v-model="keyword"
-          placeholder="流水编号 / 玩家用户名"
+          :placeholder="t('bet.filter.keyword_ph')"
           clearable
           style="width: 200px"
           @keyup.enter="load"
         />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="状态">
-        <el-select v-model="filterStatus" placeholder="全部" clearable style="width: 120px">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.status')">
+        <el-select v-model="filterStatus" :placeholder="t('common.all')" clearable style="width: 120px">
           <el-option
-            v-for="o in BET_STATUS_OPTIONS.filter((x) => x.value !== '')"
+            v-for="o in statusOptions.filter((x) => x.value !== '')"
             :key="o.value"
             :label="o.label"
             :value="o.value"
           />
         </el-select>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="类型">
-        <el-select v-model="filterBetType" placeholder="全部" clearable style="width: 100px">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.type')">
+        <el-select v-model="filterBetType" :placeholder="t('common.all')" clearable style="width: 100px">
           <el-option
-            v-for="o in BET_TYPE_OPTIONS.filter((x) => x.value !== '')"
+            v-for="o in typeOptions.filter((x) => x.value !== '')"
             :key="o.value"
             :label="o.label"
             :value="o.value"
           />
         </el-select>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="投注日起">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('bet.filter.date_from')">
         <el-date-picker
           v-model="placedFrom"
           type="date"
           value-format="YYYY-MM-DD"
-          placeholder="开始"
+          :placeholder="t('bet.filter.date_start_ph')"
           style="width: 140px"
         />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="止">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.to')">
         <el-date-picker
           v-model="placedTo"
           type="date"
           value-format="YYYY-MM-DD"
-          placeholder="结束"
+          :placeholder="t('bet.filter.date_end_ph')"
           style="width: 140px"
         />
       </el-form-item>
       <el-form-item>
-        <el-button type="primary" @click="load">查询</el-button>
-        <el-button @click="resetFilters">重置</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="load">{{ t('common.search') }}</el-button>
+        <el-button @click="resetFilters">{{ t('common.reset') }}</el-button>
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
   </el-card>
@@ -174,54 +169,54 @@ async function openDetail(row: BetListRow) {
   <el-card class="data-card" shadow="never">
     <div class="table-wrap">
     <el-table :data="bets" stripe>
-      <el-table-column prop="id" label="单号" width="56" align="center" />
-      <el-table-column prop="betNo" label="流水编号" width="168" show-overflow-tooltip>
+      <el-table-column prop="id" :label="t('bet.col.serial')" width="56" align="center" />
+      <el-table-column prop="betNo" :label="t('bet.col.bet_no')" width="168" show-overflow-tooltip>
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <span class="bet-no">{{ row.betNo }}</span>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column prop="username" label="玩家" width="100" show-overflow-tooltip />
-      <el-table-column label="所属代理" width="100" show-overflow-tooltip>
+      <el-table-column prop="username" :label="t('bet.col.player')" width="100" show-overflow-tooltip />
+      <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.agent')" width="100" show-overflow-tooltip>
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ parentLabel(row) }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="类型" width="72" align="center">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.type')" width="72" align="center">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tag type="info" size="small" effect="plain">{{ betTypeLabel(row.betType) }}</el-tag>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="选项" width="52" align="center">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.selection')" width="52" align="center">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ row.selectionCount }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="投注额" width="96" align="right">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.stake')" width="96" align="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tooltip :content="formatAmountFull(row.stake)" placement="top">
             <span>{{ formatAmount(row.stake) }}</span>
           </el-tooltip>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="赔率" width="72" align="right">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.odds')" width="72" align="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ row.totalOdds ?? '—' }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="派彩" width="96" align="right">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.payout')" width="96" align="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tooltip :content="formatAmountFull(row.actualReturn)" placement="top">
             <span>{{ formatAmount(row.actualReturn) }}</span>
           </el-tooltip>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="状态" width="88" align="center">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.status')" width="88" align="center">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tag :type="betStatusTagType(row.status)" size="small">
             {{ betStatusLabel(row.status) }}
           </el-tag>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="投注时间" width="160">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.placed_at')" width="160">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ formatTime(row.placedAt) }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="操作" width="88" fixed="right" align="center">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.actions')" width="88" fixed="right" align="center">
         <template #default="{ row }">
-          <el-button type="primary" link size="small" @click="openDetail(row)">详情</el-button>
+          <el-button type="primary" link size="small" @click="openDetail(row)">{{ t('common.detail') }}</el-button>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
     </el-table>
@@ -241,61 +236,61 @@ async function openDetail(row: BetListRow) {
     </div>
   </el-card>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="detailVisible" title="注单详情" width="720px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="detailVisible" :title="t('bet.dialog.detail')" width="720px" destroy-on-close>
     <div v-loading="detailLoading">
       <template v-if="detail">
         <el-descriptions :column="2" border size="small" class="detail-desc">
-          <el-descriptions-item label="单号">{{ detail.id }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="流水编号">{{ detail.betNo }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="玩家">{{ detail.username }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="所属代理">{{ parentLabel(detail) }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="类型">{{ betTypeLabel(detail.betType) }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="币种">{{ detail.currency }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="投注额">
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.col.serial')">{{ detail.id }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.col.bet_no')">{{ detail.betNo }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.col.player')">{{ detail.username }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.col.agent')">{{ parentLabel(detail) }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('common.type')">{{ betTypeLabel(detail.betType) }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.field.currency')">{{ detail.currency }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.col.stake')">
             {{ formatAmountFull(detail.stake) }}
           </el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="总赔率">{{ detail.totalOdds ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="可赢额">
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.field.total_odds')">{{ detail.totalOdds ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.field.potential_win')">
             {{ detail.potentialReturn ? formatAmountFull(detail.potentialReturn) : '—' }}
           </el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="实际派彩">
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.field.actual_payout')">
             {{ formatAmountFull(detail.actualReturn) }}
           </el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="注单状态">
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.field.bet_status')">
             <el-tag :type="betStatusTagType(detail.status)" size="small">
               {{ betStatusLabel(detail.status) }}
             </el-tag>
           </el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="结算状态">
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.field.settlement_status')">
             {{ betSettlementLabel(detail.settlementStatus) }}
           </el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="投注时间">{{ formatTime(detail.placedAt) }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="结算时间">{{ formatTime(detail.settledAt) }}</el-descriptions-item>
-          <el-descriptions-item label="请求 ID" :span="2">{{ detail.requestId }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.col.placed_at')">{{ formatTime(detail.placedAt) }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.field.settled_at')">{{ formatTime(detail.settledAt) }}</el-descriptions-item>
+          <el-descriptions-item :label="t('bet.field.request_id')" :span="2">{{ detail.requestId }}</el-descriptions-item>
         </el-descriptions>
 
-        <div class="selections-title">投注项（{{ detail.selections.length }}）</div>
+        <div class="selections-title">{{ t('bet.selections_title', { n: detail.selections.length }) }}</div>
         <el-table :data="detail.selections" size="small" stripe border>
           <el-table-column type="index" label="#" width="44" />
-          <el-table-column prop="selectionName" label="选项" min-width="120" show-overflow-tooltip />
-          <el-table-column prop="marketType" label="玩法" width="100" />
-          <el-table-column prop="period" label="时段" width="72">
+          <el-table-column prop="selectionName" :label="t('bet.col.selection')" min-width="120" show-overflow-tooltip />
+          <el-table-column prop="marketType" :label="t('bet.col.market')" width="100" />
+          <el-table-column prop="period" :label="t('bet.col.period')" width="72">
             <template #default="{ row }">{{ row.period ?? '—' }}</template>
           </el-table-column>
-          <el-table-column prop="odds" label="赔率" width="72" align="right" />
-          <el-table-column label="盘口" width="88">
+          <el-table-column prop="odds" :label="t('bet.col.odds')" width="72" align="right" />
+          <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.line')" width="88">
             <template #default="{ row }">
               {{ row.handicapLine ?? row.totalLine ?? '—' }}
             </template>
           </el-table-column>
-          <el-table-column label="赛果" width="72" align="center">
+          <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.result')" width="72" align="center">
             <template #default="{ row }">{{ resultStatusLabel(row.resultStatus) }}</template>
           </el-table-column>
         </el-table>
       </template>
     </div>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="detailVisible = false">关闭</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="detailVisible = false">{{ t('common.close') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
   </div>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Cashback.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Cashback.vue
index 07a5ce2..61cba53 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Cashback.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Cashback.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref } from 'vue';
-import api from '../api';
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+import api from '../api';
+
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
 
 const preview = ref<Record<string, unknown> | null>(null);
 const period = ref({
@@ -20,7 +23,7 @@ async function generatePreview() {
 async function confirm() {
   if (!preview.value?.batch) return;
   await api.post(`/admin/cashbacks/${(preview.value.batch as { id: string }).id}/confirm`);
-  ElMessage.success('返水已发放');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.cashback_issued'));
   preview.value = null;
 }
 </script>
@@ -28,43 +31,43 @@ async function confirm() {
 <template>
   <div class="page-scroll">
   <div class="page-header">
-    <h2 class="page-title">返水管理</h2>
-    <span class="page-desc">按周期生成返水并发放</span>
+    <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.cashback.title') }}</h2>
+    <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.cashback.desc') }}</span>
   </div>
 
   <el-card class="tool-card" shadow="never">
     <div class="filter-row">
       <el-form inline>
-        <el-form-item label="开始日期">
+        <el-form-item :label="t('cashback.start_date')">
           <el-date-picker v-model="period.start" type="date" value-format="YYYY-MM-DD" style="width: 150px" />
         </el-form-item>
-        <el-form-item label="结束日期">
+        <el-form-item :label="t('cashback.end_date')">
           <el-date-picker v-model="period.end" type="date" value-format="YYYY-MM-DD" style="width: 150px" />
         </el-form-item>
         <el-form-item>
-          <el-button type="primary" @click="generatePreview">生成预览</el-button>
+          <el-button type="primary" @click="generatePreview">{{ t('cashback.preview_btn') }}</el-button>
         </el-form-item>
       </el-form>
     </div>
   </el-card>
 
   <el-card v-if="preview" class="preview-card" shadow="never">
-    <div class="preview-title">返水预览</div>
+    <div class="preview-title">{{ t('cashback.preview_title') }}</div>
     <el-row :gutter="20" class="preview-stats">
       <el-col :span="8">
         <div class="pstat">
           <div class="pstat-value">{{ (preview.batch as { playerCount: number })?.playerCount ?? 0 }}</div>
-          <div class="pstat-label">涉及玩家数</div>
+          <div class="pstat-label">{{ t('cashback.stat.players') }}</div>
         </div>
       </el-col>
       <el-col :span="8">
         <div class="pstat">
           <div class="pstat-value">{{ preview.totalAmount }}</div>
-          <div class="pstat-label">返水总金额</div>
+          <div class="pstat-label">{{ t('cashback.stat.total') }}</div>
         </div>
       </el-col>
     </el-row>
-    <el-button type="success" @click="confirm" style="margin-top: 20px">确认发放</el-button>
+    <el-button type="success" @click="confirm" style="margin-top: 20px">{{ t('cashback.confirm_issue') }}</el-button>
   </el-card>
   </div>
 </template>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Dashboard.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Dashboard.vue
index ad82e27..77f24ce 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Dashboard.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Dashboard.vue
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import type { AdminDashboard } from './dashboard-types';
 import EChartPanel from '../components/dashboard/EChartPanel.vue';
 import { buildCombinedTrendOption, buildTriplePieOption } from '../utils/dashboard-charts';
 import { betStatusLabel } from '../utils/bet-labels';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+
+const { t, locale, localeTag } = useAdminLocale();
 
 const stats = ref<AdminDashboard | null>(null);
 const loading = ref(true);
@@ -25,11 +28,11 @@ async function load() {
 const s = computed(() => stats.value);
 
 function fmtCount(val: number | undefined) {
-  return (val ?? 0).toLocaleString('zh-CN', { maximumFractionDigits: 0 });
+  return (val ?? 0).toLocaleString(localeTag.value, { maximumFractionDigits: 0 });
 }
 
 function formatTime(v: string) {
-  return new Date(v).toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+  return new Date(v).toLocaleString(localeTag.value, {
     month: '2-digit',
     day: '2-digit',
     hour: '2-digit',
@@ -43,14 +46,25 @@ function toNum(v: string | number | undefined) {
 }
 
 function pctChange(today: string | number, yesterday: string | number) {
-  const t = toNum(today);
+  const t0 = toNum(today);
   const y = toNum(yesterday);
-  if (y === 0) return t > 0 ? '+100%' : '—';
-  const p = ((t - y) / y) * 100;
+  if (y === 0) return t0 > 0 ? '+100%' : '—';
+  const p = ((t0 - y) / y) * 100;
   const sign = p > 0 ? '+' : '';
   return `${sign}${p.toFixed(1)}%`;
 }
 
+const chartI18n = computed(() => ({
+  locale: locale.value,
+  betCountSeries: t('dash.chart_bet_count'),
+  axisAmount: t('dash.axis_amount'),
+  axisCount: t('dash.axis_count'),
+  countSuffix: t('dash.count_suffix'),
+  pieTooltip: t('dash.chart_tooltip'),
+  noData: t('common.no_data'),
+  pieEmpty: t('dash.pie_empty'),
+}));
+
 const trendLabels = computed(() => s.value?.trend7d?.map((d) => d.label) ?? []);
 
 const mainTrendOption = computed(() =>
@@ -58,22 +72,23 @@ const mainTrendOption = computed(() =>
     trendLabels.value,
     [
       {
-        name: '投注额',
+        name: t('dash.chart_stake'),
         color: '#248f54',
         values: s.value?.trend7d?.map((d) => toNum(d.stake)) ?? [],
       },
       {
-        name: '派彩',
+        name: t('dash.chart_payout'),
         color: '#60a5fa',
         values: s.value?.trend7d?.map((d) => toNum(d.payout)) ?? [],
       },
       {
-        name: '毛利',
+        name: t('dash.chart_ggr'),
         color: '#a78bfa',
         values: s.value?.trend7d?.map((d) => toNum(d.ggr)) ?? [],
       },
     ],
     s.value?.trend7d?.map((d) => d.betCount) ?? [],
+    chartI18n.value,
   ),
 );
 
@@ -91,11 +106,11 @@ const distributionOption = computed(() => {
 
   const matchSegs = m
     ? [
-        { label: '草稿', value: m.draft, color: '#6b7280' },
-        { label: '已发布', value: m.published, color: '#248f54' },
-        { label: '已封盘', value: m.closed, color: '#60a5fa' },
-        { label: '待结算', value: m.pendingSettlement, color: '#fb923c' },
-        { label: '已结算', value: m.settled ?? 0, color: '#5eead4' },
+        { label: t('dash.match_draft'), value: m.draft, color: '#6b7280' },
+        { label: t('dash.match_published'), value: m.published, color: '#248f54' },
+        { label: t('dash.match_closed'), value: m.closed, color: '#60a5fa' },
+        { label: t('dash.match_pending_settle'), value: m.pendingSettlement, color: '#fb923c' },
+        { label: t('dash.match_settled'), value: m.settled ?? 0, color: '#5eead4' },
       ].filter((x) => x.value > 0)
     : [];
 
@@ -109,39 +124,82 @@ const distributionOption = computed(() => {
 
   const userSegs = u
     ? [
-        { label: '正常玩家', value: u.playersActive, color: '#248f54' },
-        { label: '停用', value: u.playersSuspended, color: '#f87171' },
-        { label: '直属', value: u.playersDirect, color: '#60a5fa' },
-        { label: '代理', value: u.agentsTotal, color: '#a78bfa' },
+        { label: t('dash.user_active'), value: u.playersActive, color: '#248f54' },
+        { label: t('dash.user_suspended'), value: u.playersSuspended, color: '#f87171' },
+        { label: t('dash.user_direct'), value: u.playersDirect, color: '#60a5fa' },
+        { label: t('dash.user_agents'), value: u.agentsTotal, color: '#a78bfa' },
       ].filter((x) => x.value > 0)
     : [];
 
-  return buildTriplePieOption([
-    { title: '赛事', segments: matchSegs },
-    { title: '今日注单', segments: betSegs },
-    { title: '用户', segments: userSegs },
-  ]);
+  return buildTriplePieOption(
+    [
+      { title: t('dash.pie_matches'), segments: matchSegs },
+      { title: t('dash.pie_bets'), segments: betSegs },
+      { title: t('dash.pie_users'), segments: userSegs },
+    ],
+    chartI18n.value,
+  );
 });
 
 const kpiPrimary = computed(() => {
   if (!s.value) return [];
-  const t = s.value.today;
+  const td = s.value.today;
   const y = s.value.yesterday;
+  const yLabel = t('common.yesterday');
   return [
-    { label: '今日投注笔数', value: fmtCount(t.betCount), sub: `昨日 ${fmtCount(y.betCount)}`, delta: pctChange(t.betCount, y.betCount) },
-    { label: '今日投注额', value: formatAmount(t.stake), sub: formatAmountFull(t.stake), delta: pctChange(t.stake, y.stake) },
-    { label: '今日派彩', value: formatAmount(t.payout), sub: `昨日 ${formatAmount(y.payout)}`, delta: pctChange(t.payout, y.payout) },
-    { label: '今日毛利', value: formatAmount(t.ggr), sub: `昨日 ${formatAmount(y.ggr)}`, delta: pctChange(t.ggr, y.ggr) },
+    {
+      label: t('dash.kpi_bet_count'),
+      value: fmtCount(td.betCount),
+      sub: `${yLabel} ${fmtCount(y.betCount)}`,
+      delta: pctChange(td.betCount, y.betCount),
+    },
+    {
+      label: t('dash.kpi_stake'),
+      value: formatAmount(td.stake, 2, locale.value),
+      sub: formatAmountFull(td.stake, locale.value),
+      delta: pctChange(td.stake, y.stake),
+    },
+    {
+      label: t('dash.kpi_payout'),
+      value: formatAmount(td.payout, 2, locale.value),
+      sub: `${yLabel} ${formatAmount(y.payout, 2, locale.value)}`,
+      delta: pctChange(td.payout, y.payout),
+    },
+    {
+      label: t('dash.kpi_ggr'),
+      value: formatAmount(td.ggr, 2, locale.value),
+      sub: `${yLabel} ${formatAmount(y.ggr, 2, locale.value)}`,
+      delta: pctChange(td.ggr, y.ggr),
+    },
   ];
 });
 
 const kpiSecondary = computed(() => {
   if (!s.value) return [];
   return [
-    { label: '玩家 / 代理', value: `${fmtCount(s.value.users.playersTotal)} / ${fmtCount(s.value.users.agentsTotal)}`, sub: `今日新增 ${fmtCount(s.value.today.newPlayers)} 人` },
-    { label: '待结算', value: `${fmtCount(s.value.bets.pendingTotal)} 单`, sub: `${fmtCount(s.value.matches.pendingSettlement)} 场赛事` },
-    { label: '玩家余额', value: formatAmount(s.value.wallets.totalAvailable), sub: `冻结 ${formatAmount(s.value.wallets.totalFrozen)}` },
-    { label: '代理授信', value: formatAmount(s.value.agents.totalAvailableCredit), sub: `已用 ${formatAmount(s.value.agents.totalUsedCredit)}` },
+    {
+      label: t('dash.kpi_users'),
+      value: `${fmtCount(s.value.users.playersTotal)} / ${fmtCount(s.value.users.agentsTotal)}`,
+      sub: t('dash.kpi_new_players', { n: fmtCount(s.value.today.newPlayers) }),
+    },
+    {
+      label: t('dash.kpi_pending'),
+      value: `${fmtCount(s.value.bets.pendingTotal)} ${t('common.bets_unit')}`,
+      sub: t('dash.kpi_pending_sub', {
+        bets: fmtCount(s.value.bets.pendingTotal),
+        matches: fmtCount(s.value.matches.pendingSettlement),
+      }),
+    },
+    {
+      label: t('dash.kpi_wallet'),
+      value: formatAmount(s.value.wallets.totalAvailable, 2, locale.value),
+      sub: `${t('common.frozen')} ${formatAmount(s.value.wallets.totalFrozen, 2, locale.value)}`,
+    },
+    {
+      label: t('dash.kpi_credit'),
+      value: formatAmount(s.value.agents.totalAvailableCredit, 2, locale.value),
+      sub: `${t('common.used')} ${formatAmount(s.value.agents.totalUsedCredit, 2, locale.value)}`,
+    },
   ];
 });
 </script>
@@ -150,10 +208,12 @@ const kpiSecondary = computed(() => {
   <div class="dashboard-page" v-loading="loading">
     <div class="page-header">
       <div>
-        <h2 class="page-title">控制台</h2>
+        <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('dash.title') }}</h2>
         <span class="page-desc">
-          平台整体运行概况
-          <template v-if="s?.generatedAt"> · 更新于 {{ formatTime(s.generatedAt) }}</template>
+          {{ t('dash.desc') }}
+          <template v-if="s?.generatedAt">
+            · {{ t('common.updated_at') }} {{ formatTime(s.generatedAt) }}
+          </template>
         </span>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -161,8 +221,8 @@ const kpiSecondary = computed(() => {
     <template v-if="s">
       <el-card class="overview-board" shadow="never">
         <div class="board-head">
-          <span class="board-title">整体概览</span>
-          <span class="board-hint">一屏查看经营趋势与平台分布</span>
+          <span class="board-title">{{ t('dash.board_title') }}</span>
+          <span class="board-hint">{{ t('dash.board_hint') }}</span>
         </div>
 
         <div class="kpi-grid kpi-primary">
@@ -174,7 +234,7 @@ const kpiSecondary = computed(() => {
               class="kpi-delta"
               :class="{ up: item.delta.startsWith('+'), down: item.delta.startsWith('-') }"
             >
-              较昨日 {{ item.delta }}
+              {{ t('common.vs_yesterday') }} {{ item.delta }}
             </span>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -188,14 +248,8 @@ const kpiSecondary = computed(() => {
         </div>
 
         <div class="charts-stack">
-          <EChartPanel
-            title=""
-            :option="mainTrendOption"
-            height="300px"
-            class="chart-main"
-          />
-          <div class="chart-main-caption">近 7 日经营趋势（金额折线 + 注单柱）</div>
-
+          <EChartPanel title="" :option="mainTrendOption" height="300px" class="chart-main" />
+          <div class="chart-main-caption">{{ t('dash.trend_caption') }}</div>
           <EChartPanel title="" :option="distributionOption" height="200px" class="chart-dist" />
         </div>
       </el-card>
@@ -325,5 +379,4 @@ const kpiSecondary = computed(() => {
     grid-template-columns: 1fr;
   }
 }
-
 </style>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Login.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Login.vue
index 70a761e..10dda1e 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Login.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Login.vue
@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@ import api from '../api';
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
 import { useAuthStore, type StaffUser } from '../stores/auth';
 import RobotVerify from '../components/RobotVerify.vue';
+import AdminLocaleSwitcher from '../components/AdminLocaleSwitcher.vue';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
 import bgImage from '../assets/images/bg.png';
 
 const router = useRouter();
 const route = useRoute();
 const auth = useAuthStore();
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
 
 const form = ref({ username: '', password: '' });
 const loading = ref(false);
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ async function quickLogin(username: string, password: string) {
     auth.setSession(payload.token, payload.user);
     router.push((route.query.redirect as string) || '/');
   } catch {
-    ElMessage.error('快速登录失败');
+    ElMessage.error(t('login.err_quick'));
   } finally {
     loading.value = false;
   }
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ async function quickLogin(username: string, password: string) {
 
 async function login() {
   if (!captchaRef.value?.validate()) {
-    ElMessage.error('验证码错误，请重试');
+    ElMessage.error(t('login.err_captcha'));
     captchaRef.value?.refresh();
     return;
   }
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ async function login() {
     auth.setSession(payload.token, payload.user);
     router.push((route.query.redirect as string) || '/');
   } catch {
-    ElMessage.error('登录失败，请检查账号与密码');
+    ElMessage.error(t('login.err_failed'));
     captchaRef.value?.refresh();
   } finally {
     loading.value = false;
@@ -54,29 +57,32 @@ async function login() {
   <div class="login-page" :style="{ backgroundImage: `url(${bgImage})` }">
     <div class="login-mask" />
     <div class="login-wrap">
+      <div class="login-lang">
+        <AdminLocaleSwitcher />
+      </div>
       <form @submit.prevent="login" class="login-form" autocomplete="off">
         <img src="/logo.png" alt="TheBet365" class="logo" />
-        <h2 class="title">管理后台</h2>
+        <h2 class="title">{{ t('login.title') }}</h2>
 
-        <label>账号</label>
-        <input v-model="form.username" class="field" placeholder="请输入用户名" autocomplete="off" required />
-        <label>密码</label>
-        <input v-model="form.password" class="field" type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" autocomplete="off" required />
+        <label>{{ t('login.username') }}</label>
+        <input v-model="form.username" class="field" :placeholder="t('login.username_ph')" autocomplete="off" required />
+        <label>{{ t('login.password') }}</label>
+        <input v-model="form.password" class="field" type="password" :placeholder="t('login.password_ph')" autocomplete="off" required />
 
         <RobotVerify ref="captchaRef" />
 
         <button type="submit" class="btn-login" :disabled="loading">
-          {{ loading ? '登录中...' : '登 录' }}
+          {{ loading ? '...' : t('login.submit') }}
         </button>
 
-        <div class="quick-label">快速登录（调试）</div>
+        <div class="quick-label">{{ t('login.quick_label') }}</div>
         <div class="quick-btns">
           <button type="button" class="quick-btn" :disabled="loading" @click="quickLogin('admin', 'Admin@123')">
-            <span class="quick-role">管理员</span>
+            <span class="quick-role">{{ t('login.quick_admin') }}</span>
             <span class="quick-acc">admin</span>
           </button>
           <button type="button" class="quick-btn" :disabled="loading" @click="quickLogin('agent1', 'Agent@123')">
-            <span class="quick-role">一级代理</span>
+            <span class="quick-role">{{ t('login.quick_agent') }}</span>
             <span class="quick-acc">agent1</span>
           </button>
         </div>
@@ -109,6 +115,12 @@ async function login() {
   max-width: 400px;
   padding: 0 20px;
 }
+
+.login-lang {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
 .login-form {
   display: flex;
   flex-direction: column;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Matches.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Matches.vue
index 0fa408d..4b1b04b 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Matches.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Matches.vue
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, computed, onMounted } from 'vue';
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+import { resolveFormError } from '../i18n/form-validation';
 import api from '../api';
+
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus';
+
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
 import {
   emptyMatchForm,
   buildPlatformPayload,
@@ -74,7 +79,7 @@ async function openEdit(id: string) {
     const { data } = await api.get(`/admin/matches/${id}`);
     const detail = data.data as AdminMatchDetail;
     if (detail.isOutright) {
-      ElMessage.warning('冠军盘不支持在此编辑');
+      ElMessage.warning(t('msg.outright_no_edit'));
       return;
     }
     editingId.value = id;
@@ -83,7 +88,7 @@ async function openEdit(id: string) {
     editVisible.value = true;
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '加载赛事失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.load_matches_failed'));
   }
 }
 
@@ -92,18 +97,18 @@ async function submitCreate() {
   try {
     payload = buildPlatformPayload(form.value);
   } catch (e) {
-    ElMessage.warning(e instanceof Error ? e.message : '请检查表单');
+    ElMessage.warning(resolveFormError(e, t));
     return;
   }
   createLoading.value = true;
   try {
     await api.post('/admin/matches', payload);
-    ElMessage.success('赛事已创建（草稿）');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.match_created_draft'));
     createVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '创建失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.create_failed'));
   } finally {
     createLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -114,18 +119,18 @@ async function submitEdit() {
   try {
     payload = buildPlatformPayload(form.value);
   } catch (e) {
-    ElMessage.warning(e instanceof Error ? e.message : '请检查表单');
+    ElMessage.warning(resolveFormError(e, t));
     return;
   }
   editLoading.value = true;
   try {
     await api.put(`/admin/matches/${editingId.value}`, payload);
-    ElMessage.success('已保存');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.saved'));
     editVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '保存失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.save_failed'));
   } finally {
     editLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -135,18 +140,18 @@ async function confirmDelete(row: unknown) {
   const id = matchId(row);
   const title = matchTitle(row);
   try {
-    await ElMessageBox.confirm(`确定删除赛事「${title}」？仅草稿且无注单时可删除。`, '删除确认', {
+    await ElMessageBox.confirm(t('match.delete_confirm_body', { title }), t('match.delete_confirm_title'), {
       type: 'warning',
-      confirmButtonText: '删除',
-      cancelButtonText: '取消',
+      confirmButtonText: t('common.delete'),
+      cancelButtonText: t('common.cancel'),
     });
     await api.delete(`/admin/matches/${id}`);
-    ElMessage.success('已删除');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.deleted'));
     load();
   } catch (e) {
     if (e === 'cancel' || (e as { message?: string })?.message === 'cancel') return;
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '删除失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.delete_failed'));
   }
 }
 
@@ -155,7 +160,7 @@ async function submitImport() {
   try {
     payload = JSON.parse(importJson.value);
   } catch {
-    ElMessage.error('JSON 格式无效');
+    ElMessage.error(t('msg.invalid_json'));
     return;
   }
   importLoading.value = true;
@@ -168,13 +173,18 @@ async function submitImport() {
       total: number;
     };
     ElMessage.success(
-      `导入完成：成功 ${r.imported}，跳过 ${r.skipped}，失败 ${r.failed} / 共 ${r.total}`,
+      t('msg.import_done', {
+        imported: r.imported,
+        skipped: r.skipped,
+        failed: r.failed,
+        total: r.total,
+      }),
     );
     importVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '导入失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.import_failed'));
   } finally {
     importLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -183,15 +193,26 @@ async function submitImport() {
 async function publish(id: string) {
   await api.post(`/admin/matches/${id}/publish`);
   await api.post(`/admin/matches/${id}/markets/templates`, {
-    marketTypes: ['FT_1X2', 'FT_HANDICAP', 'FT_OVER_UNDER', 'FT_ODD_EVEN'],
+    marketTypes: [
+      'FT_1X2',
+      'FT_HANDICAP',
+      'FT_OVER_UNDER',
+      'FT_ODD_EVEN',
+      'HT_1X2',
+      'HT_HANDICAP',
+      'HT_OVER_UNDER',
+      'FT_CORRECT_SCORE',
+      'HT_CORRECT_SCORE',
+      'SH_CORRECT_SCORE',
+    ],
   });
-  ElMessage.success('已发布并生成盘口');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.published'));
   load();
 }
 
 async function close(id: string) {
   await api.post(`/admin/matches/${id}/close`);
-  ElMessage.success('已封盘');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.closed'));
   load();
 }
 
@@ -200,12 +221,11 @@ function settle(id: string) {
 }
 
 type TagType = '' | 'info' | 'success' | 'warning' | 'danger';
-const statusLabels: Record<string, string> = {
-  DRAFT: '草稿',
-  PUBLISHED: '已发布',
-  CLOSED: '已封盘',
-  SETTLED: '已结算',
-};
+function matchStatusText(status: string) {
+  const key = `match.status.${status}`;
+  const v = t(key);
+  return v !== key ? v : status;
+}
 const statusTagTypes: Record<string, TagType> = {
   DRAFT: 'info',
   PUBLISHED: 'warning',
@@ -220,7 +240,7 @@ function matchStatus(row: unknown) {
   return String(rowOf(row).status ?? '');
 }
 function matchStatusLabel(row: unknown) {
-  return statusLabels[matchStatus(row)] ?? matchStatus(row);
+  return matchStatusText(matchStatus(row));
 }
 function matchStatusType(row: unknown): TagType {
   return statusTagTypes[matchStatus(row)] ?? 'info';
@@ -254,36 +274,36 @@ function canDelete(row: unknown) {
   <div class="admin-list-page">
   <div class="page-header">
     <div>
-      <h2 class="page-title">赛事管理</h2>
-      <span class="page-desc">草稿可编辑、删除；已发布可改开赛时间与热门</span>
+      <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.matches.title') }}</h2>
+      <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.matches.desc') }}</span>
     </div>
     <div class="header-actions">
-      <el-button @click="openImport">导入</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" @click="openCreate">+ 新增赛事</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="openImport">{{ t('common.import') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" @click="openCreate">{{ t('match.create_btn') }}</el-button>
     </div>
   </div>
 
   <el-card class="filter-card" shadow="never">
     <el-form inline>
-      <el-form-item label="关键词">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.keyword')">
         <el-input
           v-model="keyword"
-          placeholder="赛事名 / 球队代码"
+          :placeholder="t('match.filter.keyword_ph')"
           clearable
           style="width: 200px"
           @keyup.enter="load"
         />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="状态">
-        <el-select v-model="filterStatus" placeholder="全部" clearable style="width: 120px">
-          <el-option label="草稿" value="DRAFT" />
-          <el-option label="已发布" value="PUBLISHED" />
-          <el-option label="已封盘" value="CLOSED" />
-          <el-option label="已结算" value="SETTLED" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.status')">
+        <el-select v-model="filterStatus" :placeholder="t('common.all')" clearable style="width: 120px">
+          <el-option :label="t('match.status.DRAFT')" value="DRAFT" />
+          <el-option :label="t('match.status.PUBLISHED')" value="PUBLISHED" />
+          <el-option :label="t('match.status.CLOSED')" value="CLOSED" />
+          <el-option :label="t('match.status.SETTLED')" value="SETTLED" />
         </el-select>
       </el-form-item>
       <el-form-item>
-        <el-button type="primary" @click="load">查询</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="load">{{ t('common.search') }}</el-button>
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
   </el-card>
@@ -292,18 +312,18 @@ function canDelete(row: unknown) {
     <div class="table-wrap">
     <el-table :data="matches" stripe>
       <el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="72" />
-      <el-table-column label="对阵" min-width="200">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('match.col.matchup')" min-width="200">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ matchTitle(row) }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="状态" width="96">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.status')" width="96">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tag :type="matchStatusType(row)" size="small">{{ matchStatusLabel(row) }}</el-tag>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="开赛时间" min-width="160">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('match.col.kickoff')" min-width="160">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ matchTime(row) }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="操作" width="340" align="center" fixed="right">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.actions')" width="340" align="center" fixed="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-button
             v-if="canEdit(row)"
@@ -311,7 +331,7 @@ function canDelete(row: unknown) {
             plain
             @click="openEdit(matchId(row))"
           >
-            编辑
+            {{ t('common.edit') }}
           </el-button>
           <el-button
             v-if="canDelete(row)"
@@ -320,7 +340,7 @@ function canDelete(row: unknown) {
             plain
             @click="confirmDelete(row)"
           >
-            删除
+            {{ t('common.delete') }}
           </el-button>
           <el-button
             v-if="matchStatus(row) === 'DRAFT'"
@@ -329,7 +349,7 @@ function canDelete(row: unknown) {
             plain
             @click="publish(matchId(row))"
           >
-            发布
+            {{ t('common.publish') }}
           </el-button>
           <el-button
             v-if="matchStatus(row) === 'PUBLISHED'"
@@ -338,10 +358,10 @@ function canDelete(row: unknown) {
             plain
             @click="close(matchId(row))"
           >
-            封盘
+            {{ t('common.close_betting') }}
           </el-button>
           <el-button size="small" type="warning" plain @click="settle(matchId(row))">
-            结算
+            {{ t('common.settle') }}
           </el-button>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
@@ -361,87 +381,87 @@ function canDelete(row: unknown) {
     </div>
   </el-card>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="createVisible" title="新增赛事" width="520px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="createVisible" :title="t('match.dialog.create')" width="520px" destroy-on-close>
     <el-form label-width="96px">
-      <el-form-item label="联赛（英）">
-        <el-input v-model="form.leagueEn" placeholder="FIFA World Cup 2026" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.league_en')">
+        <el-input v-model="form.leagueEn" :placeholder="t('match.ph.league_en')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="联赛（中）">
-        <el-input v-model="form.leagueZh" placeholder="2026 世界杯" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.league_zh')">
+        <el-input v-model="form.leagueZh" :placeholder="t('match.ph.league_zh')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="开赛时间" required>
-        <el-input v-model="form.startTime" placeholder="2026-06-11T19:00:00Z" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.kickoff')" required>
+        <el-input v-model="form.startTime" :placeholder="t('match.ph.kickoff')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="主队（英）">
-        <el-input v-model="form.homeTeamEn" placeholder="Mexico" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.home_en')">
+        <el-input v-model="form.homeTeamEn" :placeholder="t('match.ph.home_en')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="主队（中）">
-        <el-input v-model="form.homeTeamZh" placeholder="墨西哥" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.home_zh')">
+        <el-input v-model="form.homeTeamZh" :placeholder="t('match.ph.home_zh')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="客队（英）">
-        <el-input v-model="form.awayTeamEn" placeholder="South Africa" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.away_en')">
+        <el-input v-model="form.awayTeamEn" :placeholder="t('match.ph.away_en')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="客队（中）">
-        <el-input v-model="form.awayTeamZh" placeholder="南非" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.away_zh')">
+        <el-input v-model="form.awayTeamZh" :placeholder="t('match.ph.away_zh')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="热门">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.featured')">
         <el-switch v-model="form.isHot" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <p class="field-hint">创建后为草稿，请在列表点击「发布」并生成盘口。</p>
+      <p class="field-hint">{{ t('match.hint.create_draft') }}</p>
     </el-form>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="createVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="createLoading" @click="submitCreate">创建</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="createVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="createLoading" @click="submitCreate">{{ t('user.btn.create') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="editVisible" title="编辑赛事" width="520px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="editVisible" :title="t('match.dialog.edit')" width="520px" destroy-on-close>
     <el-form label-width="96px">
       <p v-if="isEditPublished" class="field-hint edit-hint">
-        已发布：可修改开赛时间、热门及显示名称；封盘/已结算后不可编辑。
+        {{ t('match.hint.edit_published') }}
       </p>
-      <el-form-item label="联赛（英）">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.league_en')">
         <el-input v-model="form.leagueEn" :disabled="isEditPublished" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="联赛（中）">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.league_zh')">
         <el-input v-model="form.leagueZh" :disabled="isEditPublished" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="开赛时间" required>
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.kickoff')" required>
         <el-input v-model="form.startTime" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="主队（英）">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.home_en')">
         <el-input v-model="form.homeTeamEn" :disabled="isEditPublished" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="主队（中）">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.home_zh')">
         <el-input v-model="form.homeTeamZh" :disabled="isEditPublished" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="客队（英）">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.away_en')">
         <el-input v-model="form.awayTeamEn" :disabled="isEditPublished" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="客队（中）">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.away_zh')">
         <el-input v-model="form.awayTeamZh" :disabled="isEditPublished" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="热门">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('match.field.featured')">
         <el-switch v-model="form.isHot" />
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="editVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="editLoading" @click="submitEdit">保存</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="editVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="editLoading" @click="submitEdit">{{ t('common.save') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="importVisible" title="导入赛事" width="640px" destroy-on-close>
-    <p class="dialog-hint">粘贴含 <code>matches</code> 的 JSON，导入后为草稿，需在列表发布。</p>
+  <el-dialog v-model="importVisible" :title="t('match.dialog.import')" width="640px" destroy-on-close>
+    <p class="dialog-hint">{{ t('match.import_hint') }}</p>
     <el-input
       v-model="importJson"
       type="textarea"
       :rows="14"
-      placeholder='{"matches":[...]}'
+      :placeholder="t('match.import_json_ph')"
     />
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="importVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="importLoading" @click="submitImport">开始导入</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="importVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="importLoading" @click="submitImport">{{ t('match.import_start') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
   </div>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Settlement.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Settlement.vue
index f9fdb77..95a4a23 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Settlement.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Settlement.vue
@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@ import { ref } from 'vue';
 import { useRoute } from 'vue-router';
 import api from '../api';
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
 
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
 const route = useRoute();
 const score = ref({ htHome: 0, htAway: 0, ftHome: 0, ftAway: 0 });
 const preview = ref<Record<string, unknown> | null>(null);
 
 async function recordScore() {
   await api.post(`/admin/matches/${route.params.id}/settlement/score`, score.value);
-  ElMessage.success('比分已录入');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.score_recorded'));
 }
 
 async function previewSettlement() {
@@ -21,21 +23,21 @@ async function previewSettlement() {
 async function confirm() {
   if (!preview.value?.batch) return;
   await api.post(`/admin/settlement/${(preview.value.batch as { id: string }).id}/confirm`);
-  ElMessage.success('结算已确认');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.settlement_confirmed'));
   preview.value = null;
 }
 </script>
 
 <template>
   <div class="page-header">
-    <h2 class="page-title">赛事结算</h2>
+    <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.settlement.title') }}</h2>
     <span class="page-id"># {{ route.params.id }}</span>
   </div>
 
   <el-card class="tool-card" shadow="never">
     <div class="score-section">
       <div class="score-block">
-        <div class="score-title">半场比分</div>
+        <div class="score-title">{{ t('settlement.ht_score') }}</div>
         <div class="score-inputs">
           <el-input-number v-model="score.htHome" :min="0" controls-position="right" style="width: 100px" />
           <span class="score-sep">—</span>
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ async function confirm() {
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="score-block">
-        <div class="score-title">全场比分</div>
+        <div class="score-title">{{ t('settlement.ft_score') }}</div>
         <div class="score-inputs">
           <el-input-number v-model="score.ftHome" :min="0" controls-position="right" style="width: 100px" />
           <span class="score-sep">—</span>
@@ -52,34 +54,34 @@ async function confirm() {
       </div>
     </div>
     <div class="action-row">
-      <el-button @click="recordScore">录入比分</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" @click="previewSettlement">生成结算预览</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="recordScore">{{ t('settlement.record_score') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" @click="previewSettlement">{{ t('settlement.preview_btn') }}</el-button>
     </div>
   </el-card>
 
   <el-card v-if="preview" class="preview-card" shadow="never">
-    <div class="preview-title">结算预览</div>
+    <div class="preview-title">{{ t('settlement.preview_title') }}</div>
     <el-row :gutter="20">
       <el-col :span="8">
         <div class="pstat">
           <div class="pstat-value">{{ preview.singleBetCount }}</div>
-          <div class="pstat-label">单关注单数</div>
+          <div class="pstat-label">{{ t('settlement.single_count') }}</div>
         </div>
       </el-col>
       <el-col :span="8">
         <div class="pstat">
           <div class="pstat-value pstat-green">{{ preview.totalPayout }}</div>
-          <div class="pstat-label">预计派彩</div>
+          <div class="pstat-label">{{ t('settlement.est_payout') }}</div>
         </div>
       </el-col>
       <el-col :span="8">
         <div class="pstat">
           <div class="pstat-value pstat-orange">{{ preview.totalRefund }}</div>
-          <div class="pstat-label">退款金额</div>
+          <div class="pstat-label">{{ t('settlement.refund_amount') }}</div>
         </div>
       </el-col>
     </el-row>
-    <el-button type="success" @click="confirm" style="margin-top: 24px">确认结算</el-button>
+    <el-button type="success" @click="confirm" style="margin-top: 24px">{{ t('settlement.confirm_btn') }}</el-button>
   </el-card>
 </template>
 
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/Users.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/Users.vue
index 1fc3707..6bcc85d 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/Users.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/Users.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
-import api from '../api';
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../composables/useAdminLocale';
+import { resolveFormError } from '../i18n/form-validation';
+import api from '../api';
+
+const { t, localeTag } = useAdminLocale();
 import {
   emptyPlayerCreateForm,
   emptyPlayerEditForm,
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ function openCreate() {
 }
 
 function parentLabel(row: PlayerRow) {
-  return row.parentUsername ?? '平台直属';
+  return row.parentUsername ?? t('common.platform_direct');
 }
 
 async function openDetail(id: string) {
@@ -102,7 +106,7 @@ async function openEdit(id: string) {
 }
 
 function openDeposit(row: PlayerRow) {
-  depositForm.value = { userId: row.id, amount: 100, remark: '管理员上分' };
+  depositForm.value = { userId: row.id, amount: 100, remark: t('user.deposit_remark_default') };
   depositVisible.value = true;
 }
 
@@ -111,18 +115,18 @@ async function submitCreate() {
   try {
     payload = buildCreatePlayerPayload(createForm.value);
   } catch (e) {
-    ElMessage.warning(e instanceof Error ? e.message : '请检查表单');
+    ElMessage.warning(resolveFormError(e, t));
     return;
   }
   createLoading.value = true;
   try {
     await api.post('/admin/users', payload);
-    ElMessage.success('玩家已创建');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.player_created'));
     createVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '创建失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.create_failed'));
   } finally {
     createLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -130,12 +134,16 @@ async function submitCreate() {
 
 async function toggleFreeze(row: PlayerRow) {
   const freeze = row.status === 'ACTIVE';
-  const action = freeze ? '冻结' : '解冻';
+  const action = freeze ? t('common.freeze') : t('common.unfreeze');
   try {
     await ElMessageBox.confirm(
-      `确定要${action}玩家「${row.username}」吗？${freeze ? '冻结后该账号将无法登录。' : ''}`,
-      `${action}账号`,
-      { type: 'warning', confirmButtonText: action, cancelButtonText: '取消' },
+      t('msg.freeze_confirm_body', {
+        action,
+        name: row.username,
+        extra: freeze ? t('msg.freeze_extra') : '',
+      }),
+      t('msg.freeze_confirm_title', { action }),
+      { type: 'warning', confirmButtonText: action, cancelButtonText: t('common.cancel') },
     );
   } catch {
     return;
@@ -144,11 +152,11 @@ async function toggleFreeze(row: PlayerRow) {
     await api.put(`/admin/users/${row.id}`, {
       status: freeze ? 'SUSPENDED' : 'ACTIVE',
     });
-    ElMessage.success(`已${action}`);
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.freeze_done', { action }));
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? `${action}失败`);
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.freeze_failed', { action }));
   }
 }
 
@@ -160,12 +168,12 @@ async function submitEdit() {
       phone: editForm.value.phone.trim() || undefined,
       email: editForm.value.email.trim() || undefined,
     });
-    ElMessage.success('已保存');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.saved'));
     editVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '保存失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.save_failed'));
   } finally {
     editLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -173,7 +181,7 @@ async function submitEdit() {
 
 async function submitDeposit() {
   if (depositForm.value.amount <= 0) {
-    ElMessage.warning('金额须大于 0');
+    ElMessage.warning(t('msg.amount_gt_zero'));
     return;
   }
   depositLoading.value = true;
@@ -184,12 +192,12 @@ async function submitDeposit() {
       remark: depositForm.value.remark,
       requestId: `dep-${depositForm.value.userId}-${Date.now()}`,
     });
-    ElMessage.success('上分成功');
+    ElMessage.success(t('msg.topup_ok'));
     depositVisible.value = false;
     load();
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     const err = e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } };
-    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? '上分失败');
+    ElMessage.error(err.response?.data?.error ?? t('msg.topup_failed'));
   } finally {
     depositLoading.value = false;
   }
@@ -197,11 +205,11 @@ async function submitDeposit() {
 
 function formatTime(v: string) {
   if (!v) return '—';
-  return new Date(v).toLocaleString('zh-CN');
+  return new Date(v).toLocaleString(localeTag.value);
 }
 
 function formatLastLogin(v: string | null) {
-  if (!v) return '从未登录';
+  if (!v) return t('common.never_login');
   const d = new Date(v);
   const now = new Date();
   const sameDay =
@@ -209,9 +217,9 @@ function formatLastLogin(v: string | null) {
     d.getMonth() === now.getMonth() &&
     d.getDate() === now.getDate();
   if (sameDay) {
-    return d.toLocaleTimeString('zh-CN', { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' });
+    return d.toLocaleTimeString(localeTag.value, { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' });
   }
-  return d.toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+  return d.toLocaleString(localeTag.value, {
     month: '2-digit',
     day: '2-digit',
     hour: '2-digit',
@@ -224,7 +232,9 @@ function statusTagType(s: string) {
 }
 
 function statusLabel(s: string) {
-  return s === 'ACTIVE' ? '正常' : s === 'SUSPENDED' ? '停用' : s;
+  const key = `user.status.${s}`;
+  const v = t(key);
+  return v !== key ? v : s;
 }
 </script>
 
@@ -232,27 +242,27 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
   <div class="admin-list-page users-page">
   <div class="page-header">
     <div>
-      <h2 class="page-title">玩家管理</h2>
-      <span class="page-desc">创建玩家、查看余额与投注概况，支持上分与状态管理</span>
+      <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.users.title') }}</h2>
+      <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.users.desc') }}</span>
     </div>
-    <el-button type="primary" @click="openCreate">+ 新建玩家</el-button>
+    <el-button type="primary" @click="openCreate">{{ t('user.create_btn') }}</el-button>
   </div>
 
   <el-card class="filter-card" shadow="never">
     <el-form inline>
-      <el-form-item label="关键词">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.keyword')">
         <el-input
           v-model="keyword"
-          placeholder="用户名"
+          :placeholder="t('user.filter.username_ph')"
           clearable
           style="width: 160px"
           @keyup.enter="load"
         />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="所属代理">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.filter.agent')">
         <el-select
           v-model="filterParentId"
-          placeholder="全部"
+          :placeholder="t('user.filter.agent_ph')"
           clearable
           style="width: 180px"
         >
@@ -264,14 +274,14 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
           />
         </el-select>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="状态">
-        <el-select v-model="filterStatus" placeholder="全部" clearable style="width: 120px">
-          <el-option label="正常" value="ACTIVE" />
-          <el-option label="停用" value="SUSPENDED" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('common.status')">
+        <el-select v-model="filterStatus" :placeholder="t('common.all')" clearable style="width: 120px">
+          <el-option :label="t('user.status.ACTIVE')" value="ACTIVE" />
+          <el-option :label="t('user.status.SUSPENDED')" value="SUSPENDED" />
         </el-select>
       </el-form-item>
       <el-form-item>
-        <el-button type="primary" @click="load">查询</el-button>
+        <el-button type="primary" @click="load">{{ t('common.search') }}</el-button>
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
   </el-card>
@@ -280,18 +290,18 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
     <div class="table-wrap">
     <el-table :data="users" stripe>
       <el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="72" />
-      <el-table-column prop="username" label="用户名" min-width="120" />
-      <el-table-column label="状态" width="88">
+      <el-table-column prop="username" :label="t('user.col.username')" min-width="120" />
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.status')" width="88">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tag :type="statusTagType(row.status)" size="small">
             {{ statusLabel(row.status) }}
           </el-tag>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="所属代理" min-width="120">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('user.col.agent')" min-width="120">
         <template #default="{ row }">{{ parentLabel(row) }}</template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="可用 / 冻结" min-width="128" align="right">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('user.col.balance')" min-width="128" align="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tooltip
             :content="`${formatAmountFull(row.availableBalance)} / ${formatAmountFull(row.frozenBalance)}`"
@@ -303,34 +313,34 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
           </el-tooltip>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column prop="betCount" label="注单" width="64" align="center" />
-      <el-table-column label="投注 / 派彩" min-width="108" align="right">
+      <el-table-column prop="betCount" :label="t('user.col.bets')" width="64" align="center" />
+      <el-table-column :label="t('user.col.stake_payout')" min-width="108" align="right">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <span class="amount-compact">
             {{ formatAmount(row.totalStake) }} / {{ formatAmount(row.totalReturn) }}
           </span>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="最后登录" width="108">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('user.col.last_login')" width="108">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tooltip v-if="row.lastLoginAt" :content="formatTime(row.lastLoginAt)" placement="top">
             <span>{{ formatLastLogin(row.lastLoginAt) }}</span>
           </el-tooltip>
-          <span v-else class="text-muted">从未登录</span>
+          <span v-else class="text-muted">{{ t('common.never_login') }}</span>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="注册时间" width="108">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('user.col.created')" width="108">
         <template #default="{ row }">
           <el-tooltip :content="formatTime(row.createdAt)" placement="top">
             <span>{{ formatLastLogin(row.createdAt) }}</span>
           </el-tooltip>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="操作" width="300" fixed="right" align="center">
+      <el-table-column :label="t('common.actions')" width="300" fixed="right" align="center">
         <template #default="{ row }">
-          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openDetail(row.id)">详情</el-button>
-          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openEdit(row.id)">编辑</el-button>
-          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openDeposit(row)">上分</el-button>
+          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openDetail(row.id)">{{ t('common.detail') }}</el-button>
+          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openEdit(row.id)">{{ t('common.edit') }}</el-button>
+          <el-button size="small" link type="primary" @click="openDeposit(row)">{{ t('common.topup') }}</el-button>
           <el-button
             v-if="row.status === 'ACTIVE'"
             size="small"
@@ -338,7 +348,7 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
             type="warning"
             @click="toggleFreeze(row)"
           >
-            冻结
+            {{ t('common.freeze') }}
           </el-button>
           <el-button
             v-else
@@ -347,7 +357,7 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
             type="primary"
             @click="toggleFreeze(row)"
           >
-            解冻
+            {{ t('common.unfreeze') }}
           </el-button>
         </template>
       </el-table-column>
@@ -367,21 +377,21 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
     </div>
   </el-card>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="createVisible" title="新建玩家" width="520px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="createVisible" :title="t('user.dialog.create')" width="520px" destroy-on-close>
     <el-form label-width="100px">
-      <el-form-item label="用户名" required>
-        <el-input v-model="createForm.username" placeholder="登录用户名，唯一" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.col.username')" required>
+        <el-input v-model="createForm.username" :placeholder="t('user.ph.username_unique')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="登录密码" required>
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.password')" required>
         <el-input v-model="createForm.password" type="text" autocomplete="off" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="确认密码" required>
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.confirm_password')" required>
         <el-input v-model="createForm.confirmPassword" type="text" autocomplete="off" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="所属代理">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.filter.agent')">
         <el-select
           v-model="createForm.parentId"
-          placeholder="不设置（平台直属玩家）"
+          :placeholder="t('user.ph.no_agent')"
           clearable
           style="width: 100%"
         >
@@ -392,46 +402,46 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
             :value="a.id"
           />
         </el-select>
-        <div class="field-hint">留空表示不挂靠代理，由平台直接管理</div>
+        <div class="field-hint">{{ t('user.hint.no_agent') }}</div>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="手机号">
-        <el-input v-model="createForm.phone" placeholder="选填" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.phone')">
+        <el-input v-model="createForm.phone" :placeholder="t('common.optional')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="邮箱">
-        <el-input v-model="createForm.email" placeholder="选填" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.email')">
+        <el-input v-model="createForm.email" :placeholder="t('common.optional')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="初始余额">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.initial_balance')">
         <el-input-number v-model="createForm.initialDeposit" :min="0" :step="100" style="width: 100%" />
-        <div class="field-hint">创建后自动上分，0 表示不开户赠金</div>
+        <div class="field-hint">{{ t('user.hint.initial_balance') }}</div>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="上分备注">
-        <el-input v-model="createForm.remark" placeholder="有初始余额时写入流水备注" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.deposit_remark')">
+        <el-input v-model="createForm.remark" :placeholder="t('user.ph.remark_initial')" />
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="createVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="createLoading" @click="submitCreate">创建</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="createVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="createLoading" @click="submitCreate">{{ t('user.btn.create') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="editVisible" title="编辑玩家" width="560px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="editVisible" :title="t('user.dialog.edit')" width="560px" destroy-on-close>
     <el-form label-width="100px">
-      <el-form-item label="玩家 ID">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.player_id')">
         <el-input :model-value="editForm.id" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="用户名">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.col.username')">
         <el-input :model-value="editForm.username" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="账号状态">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.account_status')">
         <el-tag :type="statusTagType(editForm.status)" size="small">
           {{ statusLabel(editForm.status) }}
         </el-tag>
-        <span class="field-hint inline-hint">冻结/解冻请在列表操作列进行</span>
+        <span class="field-hint inline-hint">{{ t('user.hint.freeze_in_list') }}</span>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="所属代理">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.filter.agent')">
         <el-select
           v-model="editForm.parentId"
-          placeholder="不设置（平台直属玩家）"
+          :placeholder="t('user.ph.no_agent')"
           clearable
           style="width: 100%"
         >
@@ -442,102 +452,102 @@ function statusLabel(s: string) {
             :value="a.id"
           />
         </el-select>
-        <div class="field-hint">留空表示平台直属；变更后会重算相关代理已用授信</div>
+        <div class="field-hint">{{ t('user.hint.agent_change') }}</div>
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="可用余额">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.available')">
         <el-input :model-value="formatAmount(editForm.availableBalance)" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="冻结余额">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.frozen_balance')">
         <el-input :model-value="formatAmount(editForm.frozenBalance)" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="注单 / 投注">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.bets_summary')">
         <el-input
-          :model-value="`${editForm.betCount} 笔 / ${formatAmount(editForm.totalStake)}`"
+          :model-value="t('user.bets_edit_value', { n: editForm.betCount, stake: formatAmount(editForm.totalStake) })"
           disabled
         />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="累计派彩">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.total_payout')">
         <el-input :model-value="formatAmount(editForm.totalReturn)" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="最后登录">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.col.last_login')">
         <el-input
-          :model-value="editForm.lastLoginAt ? formatTime(editForm.lastLoginAt) : '从未登录'"
+          :model-value="editForm.lastLoginAt ? formatTime(editForm.lastLoginAt) : t('common.never_login')"
           disabled
         />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="登录失败">
-        <el-input :model-value="`${editForm.loginFailCount} 次`" disabled />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.login_fail')">
+        <el-input :model-value="t('user.login_fail_value', { n: editForm.loginFailCount })" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="注册时间">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.col.created')">
         <el-input :model-value="formatTime(editForm.createdAt)" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
       <el-divider />
-      <el-form-item label="手机号">
-        <el-input v-model="editForm.phone" placeholder="选填" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.phone')">
+        <el-input v-model="editForm.phone" :placeholder="t('common.optional')" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="邮箱">
-        <el-input v-model="editForm.email" placeholder="选填" />
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.email')">
+        <el-input v-model="editForm.email" :placeholder="t('common.optional')" />
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="editVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="editLoading" @click="submitEdit">保存资料</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="editVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="editLoading" @click="submitEdit">{{ t('user.btn.save_profile') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="depositVisible" title="玩家上分" width="400px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="depositVisible" :title="t('user.dialog.deposit')" width="400px" destroy-on-close>
     <el-form label-width="80px">
-      <el-form-item label="玩家 ID">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.player_id')">
         <el-input :model-value="depositForm.userId" disabled />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="金额">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.amount')">
         <el-input-number v-model="depositForm.amount" :min="0.01" :step="10" style="width: 100%" />
       </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="备注">
+      <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.remark')">
         <el-input v-model="depositForm.remark" />
       </el-form-item>
     </el-form>
     <template #footer>
-      <el-button @click="depositVisible = false">取消</el-button>
-      <el-button type="primary" :loading="depositLoading" @click="submitDeposit">确认上分</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="depositVisible = false">{{ t('common.cancel') }}</el-button>
+      <el-button type="primary" :loading="depositLoading" @click="submitDeposit">{{ t('user.btn.confirm_deposit') }}</el-button>
     </template>
   </el-dialog>
 
-  <el-dialog v-model="detailVisible" title="玩家详情" width="560px" destroy-on-close>
+  <el-dialog v-model="detailVisible" :title="t('user.dialog.detail')" width="560px" destroy-on-close>
     <template v-if="detail">
       <el-descriptions :column="2" border size="small">
-        <el-descriptions-item label="ID">{{ detail.id }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="用户名">{{ detail.username }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="状态">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('common.col_id')">{{ detail.id }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.col.username')">{{ detail.username }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('common.status')">
           <el-tag :type="statusTagType(detail.status)" size="small">
             {{ statusLabel(detail.status) }}
           </el-tag>
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="所属代理">
-          {{ detail.parentUsername ?? '平台直属' }}
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.col.agent')">
+          {{ detail.parentUsername ?? t('common.platform_direct') }}
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="可用余额">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.available')">
           {{ formatAmount(detail.availableBalance) }}
           <span v-if="shouldCompact(detail.availableBalance)" class="amount-full-hint">
             （{{ formatAmountFull(detail.availableBalance) }}）
           </span>
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="冻结余额">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.frozen_balance')">
           {{ formatAmount(detail.frozenBalance) }}
           <span v-if="shouldCompact(detail.frozenBalance)" class="amount-full-hint">
             （{{ formatAmountFull(detail.frozenBalance) }}）
           </span>
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="手机">{{ detail.phone ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="邮箱">{{ detail.email ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="注单数">{{ detail.betCount }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="累计投注">{{ formatAmount(detail.totalStake) }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="累计派彩">{{ formatAmount(detail.totalReturn) }}</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="最后登录">
-          {{ detail.lastLoginAt ? formatTime(detail.lastLoginAt) : '从未登录' }}
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.phone')">{{ detail.phone ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.email')">{{ detail.email ?? '—' }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.bet_count')">{{ detail.betCount }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.total_stake')">{{ formatAmount(detail.totalStake) }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.total_payout')">{{ formatAmount(detail.totalReturn) }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.col.last_login')">
+          {{ detail.lastLoginAt ? formatTime(detail.lastLoginAt) : t('common.never_login') }}
         </el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="登录失败">{{ detail.loginFailCount }} 次</el-descriptions-item>
-        <el-descriptions-item label="注册时间" :span="2">
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.login_fail')">{{ t('user.login_fail_value', { n: detail.loginFailCount }) }}</el-descriptions-item>
+        <el-descriptions-item :label="t('user.field.registered_at')" :span="2">
           {{ formatTime(detail.createdAt) }}
         </el-descriptions-item>
       </el-descriptions>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/agent-form.ts b/apps/admin/src/views/agent-form.ts
index 0c82b7a..d7540ca 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/agent-form.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/agent-form.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { FormValidationError } from '../i18n/form-validation';
+
 export interface AgentCreateForm {
   username: string;
   password: string;
@@ -81,10 +83,10 @@ export function editFormFromAgentDetail(d: AgentDetail): AgentEditForm {
 }
 
 export function buildCreateAgentPayload(form: AgentCreateForm) {
-  if (!form.username.trim()) throw new Error('请填写用户名');
-  if (form.password.length < 8) throw new Error('密码至少 8 位');
-  if (form.password !== form.confirmPassword) throw new Error('两次密码不一致');
-  if (form.creditLimit < 0) throw new Error('授信额度不能为负');
+  if (!form.username.trim()) throw new FormValidationError('err.username_required');
+  if (form.password.length < 8) throw new FormValidationError('err.password_min');
+  if (form.password !== form.confirmPassword) throw new FormValidationError('err.password_mismatch');
+  if (form.creditLimit < 0) throw new FormValidationError('err.credit_negative');
   return {
     username: form.username.trim(),
     password: form.password,
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Bets.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Bets.vue
index 8c5e580..5c02c77 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Bets.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Bets.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../../composables/useAdminLocale';
 import api from '../../api';
 import { formatAmount } from '../../utils/format-amount';
 import { betStatusLabel, betStatusTagType, betTypeLabel } from '../../utils/bet-labels';
 
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
+
 interface BetRow {
   id: string;
   betNo: string;
@@ -44,23 +47,23 @@ function onSizeChange(size: number) {
 <template>
   <div class="admin-list-page">
     <div class="page-header">
-      <h2 class="page-title">注单查询</h2>
-      <span class="page-desc">下级玩家的全部投注记录</span>
+      <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.agent_bets.title') }}</h2>
+      <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.agent_bets.desc') }}</span>
     </div>
 
     <el-card class="data-card" shadow="never">
       <div class="table-wrap">
         <el-table :data="bets" stripe>
-          <el-table-column prop="id" label="单号" width="56" align="center" />
-          <el-table-column prop="betNo" label="流水编号" width="168" show-overflow-tooltip>
+          <el-table-column prop="id" :label="t('bet.col.serial')" width="56" align="center" />
+          <el-table-column prop="betNo" :label="t('bet.col.bet_no')" width="168" show-overflow-tooltip>
             <template #default="{ row }">
               <span class="bet-no">{{ row.betNo }}</span>
             </template>
           </el-table-column>
-          <el-table-column label="玩家" min-width="100">
+          <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.player')" min-width="100">
             <template #default="{ row }">{{ row.user?.username ?? '—' }}</template>
           </el-table-column>
-          <el-table-column label="类型" width="88" align="center">
+          <el-table-column :label="t('common.type')" width="88" align="center">
             <template #default="{ row }">
               <el-tag v-if="row.betType" type="info" size="small" effect="plain">
                 {{ betTypeLabel(row.betType) }}
@@ -68,10 +71,10 @@ function onSizeChange(size: number) {
               <span v-else>—</span>
             </template>
           </el-table-column>
-          <el-table-column label="投注额" width="110" align="right">
+          <el-table-column :label="t('bet.col.stake')" width="110" align="right">
             <template #default="{ row }">{{ formatAmount(row.stake) }}</template>
           </el-table-column>
-          <el-table-column label="状态" width="96" align="center">
+          <el-table-column :label="t('common.status')" width="96" align="center">
             <template #default="{ row }">
               <el-tag :type="betStatusTagType(row.status)" size="small">
                 {{ betStatusLabel(row.status) }}
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Dashboard.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Dashboard.vue
index ddc10ef..1b848f4 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Dashboard.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Dashboard.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
 import api from '../../api';
 import { formatAmount } from '../../utils/format-amount';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../../composables/useAdminLocale';
 
+const { t, localeTag } = useAdminLocale();
 const summary = ref<Record<string, unknown>>({});
 
 onMounted(async () => {
@@ -11,55 +13,55 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 });
 
 function fmtCount(val: unknown) {
-  return (Number(val) || 0).toLocaleString('zh-CN', { maximumFractionDigits: 0 });
+  return (Number(val) || 0).toLocaleString(localeTag.value, { maximumFractionDigits: 0 });
 }
 </script>
 
 <template>
   <div class="page-header">
-    <h2 class="page-title">代理概览</h2>
-    <span class="page-desc">实时数据总览</span>
+    <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.agent_dash.title') }}</h2>
+    <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.agent_dash.desc') }}</span>
   </div>
 
   <el-row :gutter="20" class="stat-row">
     <el-col :span="6">
       <div class="stat-card c-blue">
         <div class="stat-top">
-          <span class="stat-label">授信额度</span>
+          <span class="stat-label">{{ t('agent.credit_limit') }}</span>
           <span class="stat-badge">¥</span>
         </div>
         <div class="stat-value">{{ formatAmount((summary.profile as { creditLimit?: string })?.creditLimit) }}</div>
-        <div class="stat-foot">总额度</div>
+        <div class="stat-foot">{{ t('agent.credit_total') }}</div>
       </div>
     </el-col>
     <el-col :span="6">
       <div class="stat-card c-orange">
         <div class="stat-top">
-          <span class="stat-label">已用额度</span>
+          <span class="stat-label">{{ t('agent.credit_used') }}</span>
           <span class="stat-badge">¥</span>
         </div>
         <div class="stat-value">{{ formatAmount((summary.profile as { usedCredit?: string })?.usedCredit) }}</div>
-        <div class="stat-foot">已占用</div>
+        <div class="stat-foot">{{ t('agent.credit_occupied') }}</div>
       </div>
     </el-col>
     <el-col :span="6">
       <div class="stat-card c-green">
         <div class="stat-top">
-          <span class="stat-label">直属玩家</span>
-          <span class="stat-badge">人</span>
+          <span class="stat-label">{{ t('agent.direct_players') }}</span>
+          <span class="stat-badge">{{ t('common.people') }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="stat-value">{{ fmtCount(summary.directPlayerCount) }}</div>
-        <div class="stat-foot">玩家数</div>
+        <div class="stat-foot">{{ t('agent.player_count') }}</div>
       </div>
     </el-col>
     <el-col :span="6">
       <div class="stat-card c-purple">
         <div class="stat-top">
-          <span class="stat-label">今日投注</span>
+          <span class="stat-label">{{ t('agent.today_stake') }}</span>
           <span class="stat-badge">¥</span>
         </div>
         <div class="stat-value">{{ formatAmount(summary.todayStake) }}</div>
-        <div class="stat-foot">人民币</div>
+        <div class="stat-foot">{{ t('agent.currency_cny') }}</div>
       </div>
     </el-col>
   </el-row>
@@ -78,27 +80,13 @@ function fmtCount(val: unknown) {
   backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
 }
 .stat-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); border-color: #2a2a2a; }
-.stat-top { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 14px; }
-.stat-label { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; }
-.stat-badge { width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 7px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }
-.stat-value { font-size: 28px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 8px; letter-spacing: -1px; }
-.stat-foot  { font-size: 11px; opacity: 0.4; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }
-
-.c-blue   { background: rgba(22,78,180,0.1); color: #60a5fa; }
-.c-blue   .stat-badge { background: rgba(96,165,250,0.12); color: #60a5fa; }
-.c-orange { background: rgba(180,80,0,0.1); color: #fb923c; }
-.c-orange .stat-badge { background: rgba(251,146,60,0.12); color: #fb923c; }
-.c-green {
-  background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(36, 143, 84, 0.18), rgba(20, 92, 56, 0.08));
-  border: 1px solid var(--green-border);
-  color: var(--green-text);
-}
-.c-green .stat-badge {
-  background: var(--primary-grad);
-  border: 1px solid var(--green-border);
-  color: #fff;
-  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-}
-.c-purple { background: rgba(100,40,200,0.1); color: #a78bfa; }
-.c-purple .stat-badge { background: rgba(167,139,250,0.12); color: #a78bfa; }
+.stat-top { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 12px; }
+.stat-label { font-size: 12px; color: #666; font-weight: 600; }
+.stat-badge { font-size: 11px; color: #444; }
+.stat-value { font-size: 26px; font-weight: 800; color: var(--green-text); margin-bottom: 6px; }
+.stat-foot { font-size: 11px; color: #444; }
+.c-blue { background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.08), transparent); }
+.c-orange { background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.08), transparent); }
+.c-green { background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(36, 143, 84, 0.1), transparent); }
+.c-purple { background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.08), transparent); }
 </style>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Players.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Players.vue
index b873d80..c701974 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Players.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/agent/Players.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../../composables/useAdminLocale';
 import api from '../../api';
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
 import { formatAmount, formatAmountFull } from '../../utils/format-amount';
 
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
+
 const players = ref<unknown[]>([]);
 const form = ref({ username: '', password: 'Player@123' });
 const depositForm = ref({ playerId: '', amount: 100, requestId: '' });
@@ -17,7 +20,7 @@ async function load() {
 
 async function create() {
   await api.post('/agent/players', form.value);
-  ElMessage.success('玩家已创建');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.player_created'));
   load();
 }
 
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ async function deposit() {
     amount: depositForm.value.amount,
     requestId: depositForm.value.requestId,
   });
-  ElMessage.success('上分成功');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.topup_ok'));
   load();
 }
 
@@ -36,75 +39,77 @@ async function withdraw(playerId: string, amount: number) {
     amount,
     requestId: `wd-${Date.now()}`,
   });
-  ElMessage.success('下分成功');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.withdraw_ok'));
   load();
 }
 </script>
 
 <template>
   <div class="admin-list-page">
-  <div class="page-header">
-    <h2 class="page-title">直属玩家</h2>
-    <span class="page-desc">管理你名下的直属玩家</span>
-  </div>
-
-  <el-card class="tool-card" shadow="never">
-    <div class="tool-row">
-      <div class="tool-section">
-        <div class="tool-section-title">创建玩家</div>
-        <el-form inline>
-          <el-form-item label="用户名">
-            <el-input v-model="form.username" placeholder="输入用户名" style="width: 150px" />
-          </el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item>
-            <el-button type="primary" @click="create">+ 创建玩家</el-button>
-          </el-form-item>
-        </el-form>
-      </div>
-      <div class="tool-divider" />
-      <div class="tool-section">
-        <div class="tool-section-title">上分操作</div>
-        <el-form inline>
-          <el-form-item label="玩家ID">
-            <el-input v-model="depositForm.playerId" placeholder="玩家ID" style="width: 110px" />
-          </el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item label="金额">
-            <el-input-number v-model="depositForm.amount" :min="1" style="width: 130px" />
-          </el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item>
-            <el-button type="success" @click="deposit">上分</el-button>
-          </el-form-item>
-        </el-form>
-      </div>
+    <div class="page-header">
+      <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.agent_players.title') }}</h2>
+      <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.agent_players.desc') }}</span>
     </div>
-  </el-card>
 
-  <el-card class="data-card" shadow="never">
-    <div class="table-wrap">
-    <el-table :data="players" stripe>
-      <el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="80" />
-      <el-table-column prop="username" label="用户名" min-width="120" />
-      <el-table-column label="可用余额" min-width="100" align="right">
-        <template #default="{ row }">
-          <template v-if="(row as { wallet?: { availableBalance: string } }).wallet?.availableBalance != null">
-            <el-tooltip
-              :content="formatAmountFull((row as { wallet: { availableBalance: string } }).wallet.availableBalance)"
-              placement="top"
-            >
-              <span>{{ formatAmount((row as { wallet: { availableBalance: string } }).wallet.availableBalance) }}</span>
-            </el-tooltip>
-          </template>
-          <span v-else>—</span>
-        </template>
-      </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="操作" width="120" align="center">
-        <template #default="{ row }">
-          <el-button size="small" type="warning" plain @click="withdraw((row as { id: string }).id, 50)">下分 50</el-button>
-        </template>
-      </el-table-column>
-    </el-table>
-    </div>
-  </el-card>
+    <el-card class="tool-card" shadow="never">
+      <div class="tool-row">
+        <div class="tool-section">
+          <div class="tool-section-title">{{ t('agent_portal.create_player_section') }}</div>
+          <el-form inline>
+            <el-form-item :label="t('user.col.username')">
+              <el-input v-model="form.username" :placeholder="t('agent_portal.username_ph')" style="width: 150px" />
+            </el-form-item>
+            <el-form-item>
+              <el-button type="primary" @click="create">{{ t('agent_portal.create_player_btn') }}</el-button>
+            </el-form-item>
+          </el-form>
+        </div>
+        <div class="tool-divider" />
+        <div class="tool-section">
+          <div class="tool-section-title">{{ t('agent_portal.deposit_section') }}</div>
+          <el-form inline>
+            <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.player_id')">
+              <el-input v-model="depositForm.playerId" :placeholder="t('agent_portal.player_id_ph')" style="width: 110px" />
+            </el-form-item>
+            <el-form-item :label="t('user.field.amount')">
+              <el-input-number v-model="depositForm.amount" :min="1" style="width: 130px" />
+            </el-form-item>
+            <el-form-item>
+              <el-button type="success" @click="deposit">{{ t('common.topup') }}</el-button>
+            </el-form-item>
+          </el-form>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </el-card>
+
+    <el-card class="data-card" shadow="never">
+      <div class="table-wrap">
+        <el-table :data="players" stripe>
+          <el-table-column prop="id" :label="t('common.col_id')" width="80" />
+          <el-table-column prop="username" :label="t('user.col.username')" min-width="120" />
+          <el-table-column :label="t('user.field.available')" min-width="100" align="right">
+            <template #default="{ row }">
+              <template v-if="(row as { wallet?: { availableBalance: string } }).wallet?.availableBalance != null">
+                <el-tooltip
+                  :content="formatAmountFull((row as { wallet: { availableBalance: string } }).wallet.availableBalance)"
+                  placement="top"
+                >
+                  <span>{{ formatAmount((row as { wallet: { availableBalance: string } }).wallet.availableBalance) }}</span>
+                </el-tooltip>
+              </template>
+              <span v-else>—</span>
+            </template>
+          </el-table-column>
+          <el-table-column :label="t('common.actions')" width="120" align="center">
+            <template #default="{ row }">
+              <el-button size="small" type="warning" plain @click="withdraw((row as { id: string }).id, 50)">
+                {{ t('agent_portal.withdraw_btn', { amount: 50 }) }}
+              </el-button>
+            </template>
+          </el-table-column>
+        </el-table>
+      </div>
+    </el-card>
   </div>
 </template>
 
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/agent/SubAgents.vue b/apps/admin/src/views/agent/SubAgents.vue
index 14f408c..b958f9a 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/agent/SubAgents.vue
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/agent/SubAgents.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { useAdminLocale } from '../../composables/useAdminLocale';
 import api from '../../api';
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
 import { formatAmount, formatAmountFull } from '../../utils/format-amount';
 
+const { t } = useAdminLocale();
+
 const agents = ref<unknown[]>([]);
 const form = ref({ username: '', password: 'Agent@123', creditLimit: 10000 });
 
@@ -16,57 +19,57 @@ async function load() {
 
 async function create() {
   await api.post('/agent/agents', form.value);
-  ElMessage.success('下级代理已创建');
+  ElMessage.success(t('msg.agent_sub_created'));
   load();
 }
 </script>
 
 <template>
   <div class="admin-list-page">
-  <div class="page-header">
-    <h2 class="page-title">下级代理</h2>
-    <span class="page-desc">仅一级代理可见</span>
-  </div>
-
-  <el-card class="tool-card" shadow="never">
-    <el-form inline>
-      <el-form-item label="用户名">
-        <el-input v-model="form.username" placeholder="代理用户名" style="width: 150px" />
-      </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item label="授信额度">
-        <el-input-number v-model="form.creditLimit" :min="0" :step="1000" style="width: 150px" />
-      </el-form-item>
-      <el-form-item>
-        <el-button type="primary" @click="create">+ 创建二级代理</el-button>
-      </el-form-item>
-    </el-form>
-  </el-card>
-
-  <el-card class="data-card" shadow="never">
-    <div class="table-wrap">
-    <el-table :data="agents" stripe>
-      <el-table-column label="用户名" min-width="140">
-        <template #default="{ row }">
-          {{ (row as { user?: { username: string } }).user?.username }}
-        </template>
-      </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="授信额度" min-width="100" align="right">
-        <template #default="{ row }">
-          <el-tooltip :content="formatAmountFull((row as { creditLimit: string }).creditLimit)" placement="top">
-            <span>{{ formatAmount((row as { creditLimit: string }).creditLimit) }}</span>
-          </el-tooltip>
-        </template>
-      </el-table-column>
-      <el-table-column label="已用额度" min-width="100" align="right">
-        <template #default="{ row }">
-          <el-tooltip :content="formatAmountFull((row as { usedCredit: string }).usedCredit)" placement="top">
-            <span>{{ formatAmount((row as { usedCredit: string }).usedCredit) }}</span>
-          </el-tooltip>
-        </template>
-      </el-table-column>
-    </el-table>
+    <div class="page-header">
+      <h2 class="page-title">{{ t('page.agent_sub.title') }}</h2>
+      <span class="page-desc">{{ t('page.agent_sub.desc') }}</span>
     </div>
-  </el-card>
+
+    <el-card class="tool-card" shadow="never">
+      <el-form inline>
+        <el-form-item :label="t('user.col.username')">
+          <el-input v-model="form.username" :placeholder="t('agent_portal.agent_username_ph')" style="width: 150px" />
+        </el-form-item>
+        <el-form-item :label="t('agent.field.credit_limit')">
+          <el-input-number v-model="form.creditLimit" :min="0" :step="1000" style="width: 150px" />
+        </el-form-item>
+        <el-form-item>
+          <el-button type="primary" @click="create">{{ t('agent_portal.create_tier2_btn') }}</el-button>
+        </el-form-item>
+      </el-form>
+    </el-card>
+
+    <el-card class="data-card" shadow="never">
+      <div class="table-wrap">
+        <el-table :data="agents" stripe>
+          <el-table-column :label="t('user.col.username')" min-width="140">
+            <template #default="{ row }">
+              {{ (row as { user?: { username: string } }).user?.username }}
+            </template>
+          </el-table-column>
+          <el-table-column :label="t('agent.field.credit_limit')" min-width="100" align="right">
+            <template #default="{ row }">
+              <el-tooltip :content="formatAmountFull((row as { creditLimit: string }).creditLimit)" placement="top">
+                <span>{{ formatAmount((row as { creditLimit: string }).creditLimit) }}</span>
+              </el-tooltip>
+            </template>
+          </el-table-column>
+          <el-table-column :label="t('agent.field.used_credit')" min-width="100" align="right">
+            <template #default="{ row }">
+              <el-tooltip :content="formatAmountFull((row as { usedCredit: string }).usedCredit)" placement="top">
+                <span>{{ formatAmount((row as { usedCredit: string }).usedCredit) }}</span>
+              </el-tooltip>
+            </template>
+          </el-table-column>
+        </el-table>
+      </div>
+    </el-card>
   </div>
 </template>
 
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/match-form.ts b/apps/admin/src/views/match-form.ts
index 705e01b..8cbdf72 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/match-form.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/match-form.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 /** 后台手动新增赛事（投注平台最小字段） */
 
+import { FormValidationError } from '../i18n/form-validation';
+
 export interface MatchCreateForm {
   leagueEn: string;
   leagueZh: string;
@@ -54,15 +56,15 @@ export function formFromDetail(d: AdminMatchDetail): MatchCreateForm {
 
 export function buildPlatformPayload(form: MatchCreateForm) {
   if (!form.startTime.trim()) {
-    throw new Error('请填写开赛时间');
+    throw new FormValidationError('err.kickoff_required');
   }
   const homeOk = form.homeTeamZh.trim() || form.homeTeamEn.trim();
   const awayOk = form.awayTeamZh.trim() || form.awayTeamEn.trim();
   if (!homeOk || !awayOk) {
-    throw new Error('请填写主客队名称（中文或英文至少一项）');
+    throw new FormValidationError('err.teams_required');
   }
   if (!form.leagueZh.trim() && !form.leagueEn.trim()) {
-    throw new Error('请填写联赛名称');
+    throw new FormValidationError('err.league_required');
   }
 
   return {
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/views/user-form.ts b/apps/admin/src/views/user-form.ts
index f7aca63..1535ccf 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/views/user-form.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/views/user-form.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { FormValidationError } from '../i18n/form-validation';
+
 export interface PlayerCreateForm {
   username: string;
   password: string;
@@ -105,9 +107,9 @@ export function editFormFromDetail(d: PlayerDetail): PlayerEditForm {
 }
 
 export function buildCreatePlayerPayload(form: PlayerCreateForm) {
-  if (!form.username.trim()) throw new Error('请填写用户名');
-  if (form.password.length < 8) throw new Error('密码至少 8 位');
-  if (form.password !== form.confirmPassword) throw new Error('两次密码不一致');
+  if (!form.username.trim()) throw new FormValidationError('err.username_required');
+  if (form.password.length < 8) throw new FormValidationError('err.password_min');
+  if (form.password !== form.confirmPassword) throw new FormValidationError('err.password_mismatch');
   return {
     username: form.username.trim(),
     password: form.password,
diff --git a/apps/api/scripts/test-db.js b/apps/api/scripts/test-db.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb8d62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/api/scripts/test-db.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+const { PrismaClient } = require('@prisma/client');
+const p = new PrismaClient();
+p.match
+  .findMany({ take: 1, include: { homeTeam: true, awayTeam: true } })
+  .then((r) => console.log('OK', r.length))
+  .catch((e) => console.error('ERR', e.message))
+  .finally(() => p.$disconnect());
diff --git a/apps/api/src/domains/agent/agents.service.ts b/apps/api/src/domains/agent/agents.service.ts
index f5c3505..94ee917 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/domains/agent/agents.service.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/domains/agent/agents.service.ts
@@ -372,6 +372,9 @@ export class AgentsService {
       cashbackRate?: number;
     },
   ) {
+    if (data.level !== 1 && data.level !== 2) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Agent level must be 1 or 2');
+    }
     if (data.level === 2 && !data.parentAgentId) {
       throw new BadRequestException('Level 2 agent requires parent');
     }
diff --git a/apps/api/src/domains/betting/bets.service.ts b/apps/api/src/domains/betting/bets.service.ts
index 5b572f7..3c289e8 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/domains/betting/bets.service.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/domains/betting/bets.service.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@ import { PrismaService } from '../../shared/prisma/prisma.service';
 import { WalletService } from '../ledger/wallet.service';
 import { Decimal } from '@prisma/client/runtime/library';
 import { generateBetNo } from '../../shared/common/decorators';
-import { isQuarterHandicapOrTotal } from '../settlement/domain/settlement-calculator';
-import { PARLAY_MIN_LEGS, PARLAY_MAX_LEGS } from '@thebet365/shared';
+import {
+  PARLAY_MIN_LEGS,
+  PARLAY_MAX_LEGS,
+  canSelectForParlay,
+  isPreMatchKickoff,
+  isSupportedSport,
+} from '@thebet365/shared';
 
 interface BetSelectionInput {
   selectionId: bigint;
@@ -20,7 +25,11 @@ export class BetsService {
     private wallet: WalletService,
   ) {}
 
-  private async validateSelection(selectionId: bigint, oddsVersion: bigint) {
+  private async validateSelection(
+    selectionId: bigint,
+    oddsVersion: bigint,
+    options?: { forParlay?: boolean },
+  ) {
     const selection = await this.prisma.marketSelection.findUnique({
       where: { id: selectionId },
       include: { market: { include: { match: true } } },
@@ -32,10 +41,35 @@ export class BetsService {
     if (selection.market.match.status !== 'PUBLISHED') {
       throw new BadRequestException('Match not available for betting');
     }
+    if (!isSupportedSport(selection.market.match.sportType)) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Only football betting is supported');
+    }
+    if (!selection.market.match.isOutright && !isPreMatchKickoff(selection.market.match.startTime)) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Pre-match betting only; match has started');
+    }
     if (selection.oddsVersion !== oddsVersion) {
       throw new BadRequestException('Odds changed, please confirm again');
     }
 
+    if (options?.forParlay) {
+      const line = selection.market.lineValue ? Number(selection.market.lineValue) : null;
+      const check = canSelectForParlay({
+        marketType: selection.market.marketType,
+        lineValue: line,
+        allowParlay: selection.market.allowParlay,
+        isOutright: selection.market.match.isOutright,
+      });
+      if (!check.ok) {
+        const msg =
+          check.reason === 'OUTRIGHT'
+            ? 'Outright cannot be in parlay'
+            : check.reason === 'QUARTER_LINE'
+              ? 'Quarter line markets cannot be in parlay'
+              : 'Market not allowed in parlay';
+        throw new BadRequestException(msg);
+      }
+    }
+
     return selection;
   }
 
@@ -54,7 +88,7 @@ export class BetsService {
     });
     if (existing) return existing;
 
-    const selection = await this.validateSelection(selectionId, oddsVersion);
+    const selection = await this.validateSelection(selectionId, oddsVersion, { forParlay: false });
     const odds = new Decimal(selection.odds.toString());
     const stakeDec = new Decimal(stake);
     const potentialReturn = stakeDec.mul(odds);
@@ -117,21 +151,7 @@ export class BetsService {
     const matchIds = new Set<string>();
 
     for (const leg of legs) {
-      const sel = await this.validateSelection(leg.selectionId, leg.oddsVersion);
-
-      if (sel.market.marketType === 'OUTRIGHT_WINNER') {
-        throw new BadRequestException('Outright cannot be in parlay');
-      }
-
-      const line = sel.market.lineValue ? Number(sel.market.lineValue) : null;
-      if (
-        ['FT_HANDICAP', 'HT_HANDICAP', 'FT_OVER_UNDER', 'HT_OVER_UNDER'].includes(
-          sel.market.marketType,
-        ) &&
-        isQuarterHandicapOrTotal(line)
-      ) {
-        throw new BadRequestException('Quarter line markets cannot be in parlay');
-      }
+      const sel = await this.validateSelection(leg.selectionId, leg.oddsVersion, { forParlay: true });
 
       const matchKey = sel.market.matchId.toString();
       if (matchIds.has(matchKey)) {
diff --git a/apps/api/src/domains/catalog/matches.service.ts b/apps/api/src/domains/catalog/matches.service.ts
index b3cfa40..f7d7f76 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/domains/catalog/matches.service.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/domains/catalog/matches.service.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Injectable, NotFoundException, BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { resolveTranslationFallback } from '@thebet365/shared';
 import { Cron, CronExpression } from '@nestjs/schedule';
 import { Prisma } from '@prisma/client';
 import { PrismaService } from '../../shared/prisma/prisma.service';
@@ -487,7 +488,7 @@ export class MatchesService {
     const map = Object.fromEntries(
       translations.filter((t) => t.fieldName === 'name').map((t) => [t.locale, t.value]),
     );
-    return map[locale] || map['en-US'] || map['zh-CN'] || Object.values(map)[0] || '';
+    return resolveTranslationFallback(map, locale);
   }
 
   async enrichMatch(match: Record<string, unknown>, locale: string) {
@@ -518,10 +519,13 @@ export class MatchesService {
   }
 
   async listPublished(locale = 'en-US', leagueId?: bigint) {
+    const now = new Date();
     const matches = await this.prisma.match.findMany({
       where: {
         status: 'PUBLISHED',
         isOutright: false,
+        sportType: 'FOOTBALL',
+        startTime: { gt: now },
         ...(leagueId ? { leagueId } : {}),
       },
       include: {
@@ -553,12 +557,15 @@ export class MatchesService {
       },
     });
     if (!match) throw new NotFoundException('Match not found');
+    if (match.sportType !== 'FOOTBALL') {
+      throw new NotFoundException('Match not found');
+    }
     return this.enrichMatch(match, locale);
   }
 
   async listOutrights(locale = 'en-US') {
     const matches = await this.prisma.match.findMany({
-      where: { status: 'PUBLISHED', isOutright: true },
+      where: { status: 'PUBLISHED', isOutright: true, sportType: 'FOOTBALL' },
       include: {
         markets: {
           where: { marketType: 'OUTRIGHT_WINNER', status: 'OPEN' },
diff --git a/apps/api/src/domains/identity/users.service.ts b/apps/api/src/domains/identity/users.service.ts
index 21c71f2..3cf256b 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/domains/identity/users.service.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/domains/identity/users.service.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { BadRequestException, Injectable, NotFoundException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { SUPPORTED_LOCALES } from '@thebet365/shared';
 import { PrismaService } from '../../shared/prisma/prisma.service';
 import { AgentsService } from '../agent/agents.service';
 
@@ -92,6 +93,9 @@ export class UsersService {
   }
 
   async updateLocale(userId: bigint, locale: string) {
+    if (!(SUPPORTED_LOCALES as readonly string[]).includes(locale)) {
+      throw new BadRequestException('Unsupported locale');
+    }
     await this.prisma.user.update({
       where: { id: userId },
       data: { locale },
diff --git a/apps/api/src/domains/odds/markets.service.ts b/apps/api/src/domains/odds/markets.service.ts
index bc8bdf6..e9b738a 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/domains/odds/markets.service.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/domains/odds/markets.service.ts
@@ -156,6 +156,12 @@ export class MarketsService {
           odds: 6.0,
         })),
       },
+      OUTRIGHT_WINNER: {
+        period: 'OUTRIGHT',
+        allowParlay: false,
+        sortOrder: 1,
+        selections: [],
+      },
     };
 
     const config = configs[marketType];
diff --git a/apps/api/src/domains/operations/content/content.service.ts b/apps/api/src/domains/operations/content/content.service.ts
index a175b30..7dc08d4 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/domains/operations/content/content.service.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/domains/operations/content/content.service.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,18 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { PrismaService } from '../../../shared/prisma/prisma.service';
 
+function pickContentTranslation<T extends { locale: string }>(
+  translations: T[],
+  locale: string,
+): T | undefined {
+  const chain = [locale, 'en-US', 'zh-CN'];
+  for (const loc of chain) {
+    const hit = translations.find((tr) => tr.locale === loc);
+    if (hit) return hit;
+  }
+  return translations[0];
+}
+
 @Injectable()
 export class ContentService {
   constructor(private prisma: PrismaService) {}
@@ -19,10 +31,7 @@ export class ContentService {
     });
 
     return items.map((item) => {
-      const t =
-        item.translations.find((tr) => tr.locale === locale) ||
-        item.translations.find((tr) => tr.locale === 'en-US') ||
-        item.translations[0];
+      const t = pickContentTranslation(item.translations, locale);
       return { ...item, translation: t };
     });
   }
diff --git a/apps/api/src/domains/operations/i18n/i18n.service.ts b/apps/api/src/domains/operations/i18n/i18n.service.ts
index fae834a..a6059bb 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/domains/operations/i18n/i18n.service.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/domains/operations/i18n/i18n.service.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { PrismaService } from '../../../shared/prisma/prisma.service';
-import { DEFAULT_LOCALE } from '@thebet365/shared';
-
-const FALLBACK_ORDER = ['en-US', 'zh-CN', 'ms-MY'];
+import { resolveTranslationFallback } from '@thebet365/shared';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class I18nService {
@@ -10,7 +8,7 @@ export class I18nService {
 
   async getMessages(locale: string) {
     const messages = await this.prisma.i18nMessage.findMany({
-      where: { locale: { in: [locale, ...FALLBACK_ORDER] } },
+      where: { locale: { in: [locale, 'en-US', 'zh-CN', 'ms-MY'] } },
     });
 
     const byKey: Record<string, Record<string, string>> = {};
@@ -21,10 +19,8 @@ export class I18nService {
 
     const result: Record<string, string> = {};
     for (const [key, locales] of Object.entries(byKey)) {
-      result[key] =
-        locales[locale] ||
-        FALLBACK_ORDER.map((l) => locales[l]).find(Boolean) ||
-        key;
+      const resolved = resolveTranslationFallback(locales, locale);
+      result[key] = resolved || key;
     }
     return result;
   }
diff --git a/apps/api/src/domains/settlement/domain/settlement-calculator.ts b/apps/api/src/domains/settlement/domain/settlement-calculator.ts
index d168fb5..e394bfc 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/domains/settlement/domain/settlement-calculator.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/domains/settlement/domain/settlement-calculator.ts
@@ -259,10 +259,7 @@ export function calculateParlayPayout(
   return { betResult: 'WON', payout: s.mul(combinedOdds), effectiveOdds: combinedOdds };
 }
 
-export function isQuarterHandicapOrTotal(line: number | null | undefined): boolean {
-  if (line == null) return false;
-  return isQuarterLine(line);
-}
+export { isQuarterHandicapOrTotal } from '@thebet365/shared';
 
 export const FT_CORRECT_SCORE_TEMPLATE = [
   'SCORE_0_0', 'SCORE_1_1', 'SCORE_2_2', 'SCORE_3_3', 'SCORE_4_4', 'OTHER_DRAW',
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/AnnouncementMarquee.vue b/apps/player/src/components/AnnouncementMarquee.vue
index e3c3345..a616485 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/components/AnnouncementMarquee.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/AnnouncementMarquee.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+
+const { t } = useI18n();
 
 const props = withDefaults(
   defineProps<{ items: string[]; embedded?: boolean }>(),
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ const text = computed(() => {
 
 <template>
   <div v-if="text" class="marquee-bar" :class="{ embedded }">
-    <span class="marquee-badge">公告</span>
+    <span class="marquee-badge">{{ t('home.announcement_badge') }}</span>
     <div class="marquee-viewport">
       <div class="marquee-track">
         <span class="marquee-text">{{ text }}</span>
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/BannerCarousel.vue b/apps/player/src/components/BannerCarousel.vue
index 79725cb..e0495ac 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/components/BannerCarousel.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/BannerCarousel.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch } from 'vue';
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+
+const { t } = useI18n();
 import defaultBannerImg from '../assets/images/banner.png';
 
 export interface BannerItem {
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ function onImgError(e: Event) {
 }
 
 function title(banner: BannerItem) {
-  return banner.translation?.title || 'Banner';
+  return banner.translation?.title || t('home.banner_fallback');
 }
 
 function goTo(index: number) {
@@ -130,8 +133,8 @@ onUnmounted(stopAutoPlay);
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      <button v-if="banners.length > 1" class="nav prev" type="button" aria-label="上一张" @click.stop="prev">‹</button>
-      <button v-if="banners.length > 1" class="nav next" type="button" aria-label="下一张" @click.stop="next">›</button>
+      <button v-if="banners.length > 1" class="nav prev" type="button" :aria-label="t('home.banner_prev')" @click.stop="prev">‹</button>
+      <button v-if="banners.length > 1" class="nav next" type="button" :aria-label="t('home.banner_next')" @click.stop="next">›</button>
 
       <div v-if="banners.length > 1" class="dots">
         <button
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ onUnmounted(stopAutoPlay);
           type="button"
           class="dot"
           :class="{ active: i === active }"
-          :aria-label="`第 ${i + 1} 张`"
+          :aria-label="t('home.banner_slide', { n: i + 1 })"
           @click.stop="goTo(i)"
         />
       </div>
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/BetGuideHelp.vue b/apps/player/src/components/BetGuideHelp.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cde07d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/BetGuideHelp.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+
+const props = withDefaults(
+  defineProps<{
+    title: string;
+    ariaLabel?: string;
+    /** 设置后首次自动弹出，关闭时写入 localStorage */
+    storageKey?: string;
+  }>(),
+  {},
+);
+
+const { t } = useI18n();
+const open = ref(false);
+
+onMounted(() => {
+  if (props.storageKey && !localStorage.getItem(props.storageKey)) {
+    open.value = true;
+  }
+});
+
+function close() {
+  open.value = false;
+  if (props.storageKey) {
+    localStorage.setItem(props.storageKey, '1');
+  }
+}
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <button
+    type="button"
+    class="help-btn"
+    :aria-label="ariaLabel ?? t('bet.guide_help_aria')"
+    :title="ariaLabel ?? t('bet.guide_help_aria')"
+    @click="open = true"
+  >
+    ?
+  </button>
+
+  <Teleport to="body">
+    <div v-if="open" class="overlay" @click.self="close">
+      <div class="modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" :aria-label="title">
+        <button type="button" class="close-x" :aria-label="t('bet.cancel')" @click="close">✕</button>
+
+        <h3 class="title">{{ title }}</h3>
+
+        <div class="guide-body">
+          <slot />
+        </div>
+
+        <button type="button" class="btn-ok btn-gold-outline" @click="close">
+          {{ t('bet.guide_got_it') }}
+        </button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </Teleport>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.help-btn {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  width: 30px;
+  height: 30px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-gold-soft);
+  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+  color: var(--primary-light);
+  font-size: 14px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  line-height: 1;
+  padding: 0;
+  margin-left: auto;
+}
+
+.overlay {
+  position: fixed;
+  inset: 0;
+  z-index: 205;
+  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.72);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 20px;
+  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
+}
+
+.modal {
+  position: relative;
+  width: 100%;
+  max-width: 340px;
+  max-height: 85vh;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  background: linear-gradient(165deg, #1a1810 0%, #121212 45%, #0a0a0a 100%);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-gold-soft);
+  border-radius: var(--radius);
+  padding: 16px 14px 14px;
+  box-shadow: var(--shadow), 0 0 24px rgba(212, 175, 55, 0.08);
+}
+
+.close-x {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 10px;
+  right: 10px;
+  width: 28px;
+  height: 28px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  font-size: 14px;
+}
+
+.title {
+  font-size: 16px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  color: var(--primary-light);
+  text-align: center;
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+  padding-right: 24px;
+}
+
+.guide-body {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 14px;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  line-height: 1.55;
+}
+
+.guide-body :deep(.flow-name) {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  color: var(--primary-light);
+  margin: 0 0 8px;
+}
+
+.guide-body :deep(ol) {
+  margin: 0;
+  padding-left: 20px;
+}
+
+.guide-body :deep(li + li) {
+  margin-top: 6px;
+}
+
+.guide-body :deep(.intro) {
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.guide-body :deep(.flow-block) {
+  padding-top: 10px;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
+}
+
+.guide-body :deep(.rules-link) {
+  margin: 4px 0 0;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  padding-top: 8px;
+  border-top: 1px dashed var(--border);
+}
+
+.btn-ok {
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 10px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  font-size: 14px;
+  font-weight: 800;
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/BetSlipDrawer.vue b/apps/player/src/components/BetSlipDrawer.vue
index 1395a0e..e48fde6 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/components/BetSlipDrawer.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/BetSlipDrawer.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, computed } from 'vue';
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+import { PARLAY_MIN_LEGS, PARLAY_MAX_LEGS } from '@thebet365/shared';
 import { useBetSlipStore } from '../stores/betSlip';
 import api from '../api';
 
@@ -29,11 +30,19 @@ async function placeBet() {
   success.value = '';
 
   try {
-    if (slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.items.length >= 2) {
+    if (slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.items.length >= PARLAY_MIN_LEGS) {
       if (slip.hasSameMatch) {
         error.value = t('bet.parlay_same_match');
         return;
       }
+      if (slip.items.length > PARLAY_MAX_LEGS) {
+        error.value = t('bet.parlay_max_legs');
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!slip.canPlaceParlay) {
+        error.value = t('bet.parlay_need_more');
+        return;
+      }
       await api.post('/player/bets/parlay', {
         legs: slip.items.map((i) => ({
           selectionId: i.selectionId,
@@ -110,7 +119,7 @@ async function placeBet() {
       <button
         type="button"
         class="btn-primary"
-        :disabled="loading || !slip.items.length"
+        :disabled="loading || !slip.items.length || (slip.mode === 'parlay' && !slip.canPlaceParlay)"
         @click="placeBet"
       >
         {{ loading ? t('bet.placing') : t('bet.place_bet') }}
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/CashBalanceChip.vue b/apps/player/src/components/CashBalanceChip.vue
index 0f9c430..437355b 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/components/CashBalanceChip.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/CashBalanceChip.vue
@@ -89,12 +89,14 @@ function close() {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
   gap: 4px;
-  padding: 4px 6px 4px 6px;
+  height: 36px;
+  padding: 0 8px 0 8px;
   min-width: 0;
   cursor: pointer;
   border: 1px solid var(--border);
   border-radius: 6px;
   background: #141414;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
 }
 
 .chip-body {
@@ -105,21 +107,21 @@ function close() {
 }
 
 .chip-label {
-  font-size: 9px;
+  font-size: 8px;
   color: var(--text-muted);
   font-weight: 600;
   letter-spacing: 0.02em;
   white-space: nowrap;
-  line-height: 1.2;
+  line-height: 1.15;
 }
 
 .chip-amount {
-  font-size: 12px;
+  font-size: 11px;
   font-weight: 800;
   color: var(--primary-light);
   text-shadow: none;
   white-space: nowrap;
-  line-height: 1.2;
+  line-height: 1.15;
 }
 
 .chevron {
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/LocaleSwitcher.vue b/apps/player/src/components/LocaleSwitcher.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f051ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/LocaleSwitcher.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+import LocaleFlag from './LocaleFlag.vue';
+import { useAppLocale } from '../composables/useAppLocale';
+
+withDefaults(
+  defineProps<{
+    compact?: boolean;
+  }>(),
+  { compact: false },
+);
+
+const { locale } = useI18n();
+const { locales, setLocale } = useAppLocale();
+
+async function onChange(code: string) {
+  await setLocale(code);
+}
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div class="locale-switch" :class="{ compact }">
+    <LocaleFlag :locale="locale" :size="compact ? 16 : 18" />
+    <select
+      :value="locale"
+      class="locale-select"
+      :aria-label="compact ? 'Language' : undefined"
+      @change="onChange(($event.target as HTMLSelectElement).value)"
+    >
+      <option v-for="l in locales" :key="l.code" :value="l.code">
+        {{ l.label }}
+      </option>
+    </select>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.locale-switch {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 5px;
+  height: 36px;
+  padding: 0 8px 0 6px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: #0d0d0d;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+.locale-switch.compact {
+  height: auto;
+  padding: 2px 5px;
+}
+
+.locale-select {
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--primary-light);
+  border: none;
+  padding: 2px 2px 2px 0;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  outline: none;
+  max-width: 120px;
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/UserAvatarMenu.vue b/apps/player/src/components/UserAvatarMenu.vue
index 41c0f39..aa335cb 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/components/UserAvatarMenu.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/UserAvatarMenu.vue
@@ -57,8 +57,9 @@ function logout() {
 }
 
 .avatar-btn {
-  width: 32px;
-  height: 32px;
+  width: 36px;
+  height: 36px;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
   border-radius: 50%;
   border: 1px solid var(--border-gold-soft);
   background: linear-gradient(145deg, #2a2210, #141008);
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/match-detail/MatchBetGuide.vue b/apps/player/src/components/match-detail/MatchBetGuide.vue
index 31f3fde..31376f7 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/components/match-detail/MatchBetGuide.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/match-detail/MatchBetGuide.vue
@@ -1,156 +1,37 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref } from 'vue';
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+import BetGuideHelp from '../BetGuideHelp.vue';
+
+const GUIDE_SEEN_KEY = 'thebet365_match_bet_guide_seen';
 
 const { t } = useI18n();
-const open = ref(false);
-
-function close() {
-  open.value = false;
-}
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <button
-    type="button"
-    class="help-btn"
-    :aria-label="t('bet.guide_help_aria')"
-    :title="t('bet.guide_help_aria')"
-    @click="open = true"
+  <BetGuideHelp
+    :title="t('bet.guide_title')"
+    :storage-key="GUIDE_SEEN_KEY"
   >
-    ?
-  </button>
-
-  <Teleport to="body">
-    <div v-if="open" class="overlay" @click.self="close">
-      <div class="modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" :aria-label="t('bet.guide_title')">
-        <button type="button" class="close-x" :aria-label="t('bet.cancel')" @click="close">✕</button>
-
-        <h3 class="title">{{ t('bet.guide_title') }}</h3>
-
-        <div class="guide-body">
-          <div class="flow">
-            <p class="flow-name">{{ t('bet.guide_flow_normal') }}</p>
-            <ol>
-              <li>{{ t('bet.guide_normal_1') }}</li>
-              <li>{{ t('bet.guide_normal_2') }}</li>
-              <li>{{ t('bet.guide_normal_3') }}</li>
-            </ol>
-          </div>
-          <div class="flow flow--cs">
-            <p class="flow-name">{{ t('bet.guide_flow_cs') }}</p>
-            <ol>
-              <li>{{ t('bet.guide_cs_1') }}</li>
-              <li>{{ t('bet.guide_cs_2') }}</li>
-              <li>{{ t('bet.guide_cs_3') }}</li>
-            </ol>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-
-        <button type="button" class="btn-ok btn-gold-outline" @click="close">
-          {{ t('bet.guide_got_it') }}
-        </button>
-      </div>
+    <div class="flow">
+      <p class="flow-name">{{ t('bet.guide_flow_normal') }}</p>
+      <ol>
+        <li>{{ t('bet.guide_normal_1') }}</li>
+        <li>{{ t('bet.guide_normal_2') }}</li>
+        <li>{{ t('bet.guide_normal_3') }}</li>
+      </ol>
     </div>
-  </Teleport>
+    <div class="flow flow-block">
+      <p class="flow-name">{{ t('bet.guide_flow_cs') }}</p>
+      <ol>
+        <li>{{ t('bet.guide_cs_1') }}</li>
+        <li>{{ t('bet.guide_cs_2') }}</li>
+        <li>{{ t('bet.guide_cs_3') }}</li>
+      </ol>
+    </div>
+    <div class="flow flow-block">
+      <p class="flow-name">{{ t('bet.guide_flow_parlay') }}</p>
+      <p class="intro">{{ t('bet.guide_parlay_1') }}</p>
+    </div>
+    <p class="rules-link">{{ t('bet.guide_rules_link') }}</p>
+  </BetGuideHelp>
 </template>
-
-<style scoped>
-.help-btn {
-  flex-shrink: 0;
-  width: 30px;
-  height: 30px;
-  border-radius: 50%;
-  border: 1px solid var(--border-gold-soft);
-  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
-  color: var(--primary-light);
-  font-size: 14px;
-  font-weight: 800;
-  line-height: 1;
-  padding: 0;
-}
-
-.overlay {
-  position: fixed;
-  inset: 0;
-  z-index: 205;
-  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.72);
-  display: flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  justify-content: center;
-  padding: 20px;
-  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
-}
-
-.modal {
-  position: relative;
-  width: 100%;
-  max-width: 340px;
-  max-height: 85vh;
-  overflow-y: auto;
-  background: linear-gradient(165deg, #1a1810 0%, #121212 45%, #0a0a0a 100%);
-  border: 1px solid var(--border-gold-soft);
-  border-radius: var(--radius);
-  padding: 16px 14px 14px;
-  box-shadow: var(--shadow), 0 0 24px rgba(212, 175, 55, 0.08);
-}
-
-.close-x {
-  position: absolute;
-  top: 10px;
-  right: 10px;
-  width: 28px;
-  height: 28px;
-  border-radius: 50%;
-  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
-  color: var(--text-muted);
-  font-size: 14px;
-}
-
-.title {
-  font-size: 16px;
-  font-weight: 800;
-  color: var(--primary-light);
-  text-align: center;
-  margin-bottom: 12px;
-  padding-right: 24px;
-}
-
-.guide-body {
-  display: grid;
-  gap: 10px;
-  margin-bottom: 14px;
-}
-
-.flow-name {
-  font-size: 13px;
-  font-weight: 800;
-  color: var(--primary-light);
-  margin-bottom: 8px;
-}
-
-.flow ol {
-  margin: 0;
-  padding-left: 20px;
-  font-size: 13px;
-  color: var(--text-muted);
-  line-height: 1.55;
-}
-
-.flow li + li {
-  margin-top: 6px;
-}
-
-.flow--cs {
-  padding-top: 10px;
-  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
-}
-
-.btn-ok {
-  width: 100%;
-  padding: 10px;
-  border-radius: 6px;
-  font-size: 14px;
-  font-weight: 800;
-}
-</style>
diff --git a/apps/player/src/components/parlay/ParlayPanel.vue b/apps/player/src/components/parlay/ParlayPanel.vue
index 041af38..4a880de 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/components/parlay/ParlayPanel.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/components/parlay/ParlayPanel.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ import { ref, computed, onMounted } from 'vue';
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import api from '../../api';
 import { useBetSlipStore } from '../../stores/betSlip';
-import { PARLAY_MARKET_TYPES, SELECTION_SHORT } from '../../utils/parlayColumns';
+import { PARLAY_MAX_LEGS, canSelectForParlay } from '@thebet365/shared';
+import { PARLAY_MARKET_TYPES, PARLAY_SELECTION_KEYS } from '../../utils/parlayColumns';
+import BetGuideHelp from '../BetGuideHelp.vue';
 
 type TimeFilter = 'all' | 'today';
 
@@ -18,6 +20,8 @@ interface Selection {
 interface Market {
   id: string;
   marketType: string;
+  lineValue?: string | number | null;
+  allowParlay?: boolean;
   selections: Selection[];
 }
 
@@ -51,10 +55,25 @@ onMounted(async () => {
   }
 });
 
+function parseLine(v: string | number | null | undefined) {
+  if (v == null || v === '') return null;
+  const n = typeof v === 'number' ? v : parseFloat(String(v));
+  return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null;
+}
+
+function isParlayEligibleMarket(market: Market) {
+  if (!market.selections.length) return false;
+  return canSelectForParlay({
+    marketType: market.marketType,
+    lineValue: parseLine(market.lineValue),
+    allowParlay: market.allowParlay ?? true,
+  }).ok;
+}
+
 function hasParlayMarkets(m: ParlayMatch) {
   return parlayMarketKeys.some((key) => {
     const market = m.markets?.find((mk) => mk.marketType === key);
-    return market && market.selections.length > 0;
+    return market && isParlayEligibleMarket(market);
   });
 }
 
@@ -98,15 +117,23 @@ function formatOdds(odds: string) {
 }
 
 function selLabel(sel: Selection) {
-  return SELECTION_SHORT[sel.selectionCode] ?? sel.selectionName.slice(0, 2);
+  const key = PARLAY_SELECTION_KEYS[sel.selectionCode];
+  if (key) return t(`bet.${key}`);
+  return sel.selectionName.slice(0, 2);
+}
+
+function colLabel(labelKey: string) {
+  return t(`bet.${labelKey}`);
 }
 
 function isPicked(selectionId: string) {
   return slip.items.some((i) => i.selectionId === selectionId);
 }
 
+const parlayHint = ref('');
+
 function pickSelection(match: ParlayMatch, market: Market, sel: Selection) {
-  slip.addParlayLeg({
+  const err = slip.addParlayLeg({
     selectionId: sel.id,
     oddsVersion: String(sel.oddsVersion),
     matchId: match.id,
@@ -114,7 +141,14 @@ function pickSelection(match: ParlayMatch, market: Market, sel: Selection) {
     selectionName: `${selLabel(sel)} ${formatOdds(sel.odds)}`,
     odds: parseFloat(sel.odds),
     marketType: market.marketType,
+    lineValue: parseLine(market.lineValue),
+    allowParlay: market.allowParlay,
   });
+  if (err === 'MAX_LEGS') parlayHint.value = t('bet.parlay_max_legs');
+  else if (err === 'QUARTER_LINE') parlayHint.value = t('bet.parlay_block_quarter');
+  else if (err === 'OUTRIGHT') parlayHint.value = t('bet.parlay_block_outright');
+  else if (err === 'NOT_ALLOWED') parlayHint.value = t('bet.parlay_block_not_allowed');
+  else parlayHint.value = '';
 }
 
 function openSlip() {
@@ -126,21 +160,28 @@ const showParlayFoot = computed(() => slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.count > 0);
 
 <template>
   <div class="parlay-panel" :class="{ 'has-fixed-foot': showParlayFoot }">
-    <header class="panel-head">
-      <div class="head-title">
-        <span class="layers-icon" aria-hidden="true" />
-        <h2>{{ t('bet.parlay_title') }}</h2>
-      </div>
-      <p class="head-desc">{{ t('bet.parlay_desc') }}</p>
-    </header>
-
     <div class="toolbar">
-      <select v-model="timeFilter" class="filter-select">
+      <div class="toolbar-filters">
+        <select v-model="timeFilter" class="filter-select">
         <option value="all">{{ t('bet.parlay_filter_all') }}</option>
         <option value="today">{{ t('bet.tab_today') }}</option>
-      </select>
+        </select>
+        <BetGuideHelp
+          :title="t('bet.parlay_guide_title')"
+          :aria-label="t('bet.parlay_guide_help')"
+          storage-key="thebet365_parlay_guide_seen"
+        >
+          <p class="intro">{{ t('bet.parlay_desc') }}</p>
+          <ol>
+            <li>{{ t('bet.parlay_guide_1') }}</li>
+            <li>{{ t('bet.parlay_guide_2') }}</li>
+            <li>{{ t('bet.parlay_guide_3') }}</li>
+          </ol>
+          <p class="rules-link">{{ t('bet.guide_rules_link') }}</p>
+        </BetGuideHelp>
+      </div>
       <div class="col-headers">
-        <span v-for="col in PARLAY_MARKET_TYPES" :key="col.key" class="col-head">{{ col.label }}</span>
+        <span v-for="col in PARLAY_MARKET_TYPES" :key="col.key" class="col-head">{{ colLabel(col.labelKey) }}</span>
       </div>
     </div>
 
@@ -159,7 +200,12 @@ const showParlayFoot = computed(() => slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.count > 0);
             :key="col.key"
             class="market-cell"
           >
-            <template v-if="getMarket(match, col.key)?.selections.length">
+            <template
+              v-if="
+                getMarket(match, col.key) &&
+                isParlayEligibleMarket(getMarket(match, col.key)!)
+              "
+            >
               <button
                 v-for="sel in getMarket(match, col.key)!.selections"
                 :key="sel.id"
@@ -185,7 +231,9 @@ const showParlayFoot = computed(() => slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.count > 0);
 
     <Teleport to="body">
       <div v-if="showParlayFoot" class="parlay-foot-fixed">
-        <p v-if="slip.count < 2" class="foot-hint">{{ t('bet.parlay_need_more') }}</p>
+        <p v-if="parlayHint" class="foot-hint foot-hint--warn">{{ parlayHint }}</p>
+        <p v-else-if="slip.count < 2" class="foot-hint">{{ t('bet.parlay_need_more') }}</p>
+        <p v-else-if="slip.count > PARLAY_MAX_LEGS" class="foot-hint">{{ t('bet.parlay_max_legs') }}</p>
         <p v-else class="foot-meta">
           {{ t('bet.bet_slip') }} ({{ slip.count }}) · {{ t('bet.parlay') }}
           {{ slip.totalOdds.toFixed(2) }}
@@ -193,7 +241,7 @@ const showParlayFoot = computed(() => slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.count > 0);
         <button
           type="button"
           class="market-foot-btn"
-          :disabled="slip.count < 2"
+          :disabled="!slip.canPlaceParlay"
           @click="openSlip"
         >
           {{ t('bet.cs_confirm_cell') }}
@@ -212,43 +260,11 @@ const showParlayFoot = computed(() => slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.count > 0);
   padding-bottom: 100px;
 }
 
-.panel-head {
-  background: #141414;
-  border: 1px solid #2a2a2a;
-  border-radius: 8px;
-  padding: 14px 12px;
-  margin-bottom: 12px;
-}
-
-.head-title {
+.toolbar-filters {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
-  gap: 10px;
-  margin-bottom: 8px;
-}
-
-.layers-icon {
-  width: 26px;
-  height: 20px;
+  gap: 8px;
   flex-shrink: 0;
-  background:
-    linear-gradient(#2e9e5e, #2e9e5e) 0 0 / 100% 4px no-repeat,
-    linear-gradient(#2e9e5e, #2e9e5e) 0 8px / 85% 4px no-repeat,
-    linear-gradient(#2e9e5e, #2e9e5e) 0 16px / 70% 4px no-repeat;
-  border-radius: 2px;
-}
-
-.head-title h2 {
-  font-size: 18px;
-  font-weight: 800;
-  color: var(--text);
-}
-
-.head-desc {
-  font-size: 12px;
-  color: var(--text-muted);
-  line-height: 1.45;
-  margin-bottom: 10px;
 }
 
 .parlay-foot-fixed {
@@ -267,6 +283,10 @@ const showParlayFoot = computed(() => slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.count > 0);
 .foot-meta {
   margin: 0 0 8px;
   font-size: 11px;
+}
+
+.foot-hint--warn {
+  color: var(--danger);
   color: var(--text-muted);
   text-align: center;
 }
@@ -322,11 +342,12 @@ const showParlayFoot = computed(() => slip.mode === 'parlay' && slip.count > 0);
 }
 
 .col-head {
-  font-size: 9px;
+  font-size: 10px;
   font-weight: 800;
   color: var(--text-muted);
   text-align: center;
-  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
+  line-height: 1.25;
+  word-break: keep-all;
 }
 
 .table-wrap {
diff --git a/apps/player/src/composables/useAnnouncements.ts b/apps/player/src/composables/useAnnouncements.ts
index bed1ec9..525b09a 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/composables/useAnnouncements.ts
+++ b/apps/player/src/composables/useAnnouncements.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { ref } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import api from '../api';
 import { resolveAnnouncements } from '../constants/defaultAnnouncement';
 
@@ -20,14 +21,16 @@ function collectAnnouncementLines(data: {
 }
 
 export function useAnnouncements() {
-  const items = ref<string[]>(resolveAnnouncements([]));
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const items = ref<string[]>(resolveAnnouncements([], t('home.announcement_default')));
 
   async function load() {
+    const fallback = t('home.announcement_default');
     try {
       const { data } = await api.get('/player/home');
-      items.value = resolveAnnouncements(collectAnnouncementLines(data.data));
+      items.value = resolveAnnouncements(collectAnnouncementLines(data.data), fallback);
     } catch {
-      items.value = resolveAnnouncements([]);
+      items.value = resolveAnnouncements([], fallback);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/apps/player/src/composables/useAppLocale.ts b/apps/player/src/composables/useAppLocale.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f8e052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/player/src/composables/useAppLocale.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+import { SUPPORTED_LOCALES, LOCALE_UI_LABELS } from '@thebet365/shared';
+import api from '../api';
+import { useAuthStore } from '../stores/auth';
+
+const STORAGE_KEY = 'locale';
+const COOKIE_MAX_AGE = 365 * 24 * 60 * 60;
+
+export const APP_LOCALES = SUPPORTED_LOCALES.map((code) => ({
+  code,
+  label: LOCALE_UI_LABELS[code] ?? code,
+}));
+
+function persistLocale(code: string) {
+  localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, code);
+  document.cookie = `${STORAGE_KEY}=${encodeURIComponent(code)};path=/;max-age=${COOKIE_MAX_AGE};SameSite=Lax`;
+}
+
+export function useAppLocale() {
+  const { locale } = useI18n();
+  const auth = useAuthStore();
+
+  function applyLocale(code: string) {
+    if (!(SUPPORTED_LOCALES as readonly string[]).includes(code)) return;
+    locale.value = code;
+    persistLocale(code);
+  }
+
+  async function setLocale(code: string) {
+    applyLocale(code);
+    if (auth.token) {
+      try {
+        await api.post('/player/language', { locale: code });
+        if (auth.user) {
+          auth.user = { ...auth.user, locale: code };
+          localStorage.setItem('user', JSON.stringify(auth.user));
+        }
+      } catch {
+        /* 离线或 token 过期时仍保留本地语言 */
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function initFromUser(userLocale?: string | null) {
+    if (userLocale && (SUPPORTED_LOCALES as readonly string[]).includes(userLocale)) {
+      applyLocale(userLocale);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { locales: APP_LOCALES, setLocale, applyLocale, initFromUser };
+}
diff --git a/apps/player/src/constants/defaultAnnouncement.ts b/apps/player/src/constants/defaultAnnouncement.ts
index 1d71d1f..10ff317 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/constants/defaultAnnouncement.ts
+++ b/apps/player/src/constants/defaultAnnouncement.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-export const DEFAULT_ANNOUNCEMENTS = [
-  '欢迎光临 TheBet365 · 足球赛事火热进行中 · 理性投注，量力而行',
-];
-
-export function resolveAnnouncements(items: string[]): string[] {
+export function resolveAnnouncements(items: string[], fallback: string): string[] {
   const list = items.map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean);
-  return list.length ? list : DEFAULT_ANNOUNCEMENTS;
+  return list.length ? list : [fallback];
 }
diff --git a/apps/player/src/layouts/MainLayout.vue b/apps/player/src/layouts/MainLayout.vue
index 5461075..4acc0cc 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/layouts/MainLayout.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/layouts/MainLayout.vue
@@ -6,33 +6,26 @@ import { useBetSlipStore } from '../stores/betSlip';
 import BetSlipDrawer from '../components/BetSlipDrawer.vue';
 import CashBalanceChip from '../components/CashBalanceChip.vue';
 import UserAvatarMenu from '../components/UserAvatarMenu.vue';
-import LocaleFlag from '../components/LocaleFlag.vue';
+import LocaleSwitcher from '../components/LocaleSwitcher.vue';
+import { useAppLocale } from '../composables/useAppLocale';
 import AnnouncementMarquee from '../components/AnnouncementMarquee.vue';
 import BottomNavIcon from '../components/BottomNavIcon.vue';
 import { computed, onMounted } from 'vue';
-import { getLocaleDisplay } from '../utils/localeDisplay';
 import { useAnnouncements } from '../composables/useAnnouncements';
 
-const { t, locale } = useI18n();
+const { t } = useI18n();
 const auth = useAuthStore();
+const { initFromUser } = useAppLocale();
 const route = useRoute();
 const slip = useBetSlipStore();
 
-const locales = [
-  { code: 'zh-CN', label: '中文' },
-  { code: 'en-US', label: 'EN' },
-  { code: 'ms-MY', label: 'BM' },
-];
-
 const showAnnouncement = computed(() => !route.path.startsWith('/profile'));
 const { items: announcements, load: loadAnnouncements } = useAnnouncements();
 
-onMounted(loadAnnouncements);
-
-function setLocale(code: string) {
-  locale.value = code;
-  localStorage.setItem('locale', code);
-}
+onMounted(() => {
+  loadAnnouncements();
+  if (auth.user?.locale) initFromUser(auth.user.locale);
+});
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -40,14 +33,7 @@ function setLocale(code: string) {
     <header class="header">
       <img src="/logo.png" alt="TheBet365" class="logo" />
       <div class="header-actions">
-        <div class="lang-select-wrap">
-          <LocaleFlag :locale="locale" :size="18" />
-          <select :value="locale" @change="setLocale(($event.target as HTMLSelectElement).value)" class="lang-select">
-            <option v-for="l in locales" :key="l.code" :value="l.code">
-              {{ getLocaleDisplay(l.code).label }}
-            </option>
-          </select>
-        </div>
+        <LocaleSwitcher />
         <CashBalanceChip v-if="auth.user" />
         <UserAvatarMenu v-if="auth.user" />
       </div>
@@ -115,25 +101,20 @@ function setLocale(code: string) {
   height: 36px; width: auto; display: block;
   filter: drop-shadow(0 0 4px rgba(212, 175, 55, 0.2));
 }
-.header-actions { display: flex; gap: 6px; align-items: center; }
-.lang-select-wrap {
+.header-actions {
+  --header-chip-h: 36px;
   display: flex;
+  gap: 6px;
   align-items: center;
-  gap: 5px;
-  padding: 3px 6px 3px 5px;
-  border: 1px solid var(--border);
-  border-radius: 6px;
-  background: #0d0d0d;
 }
-.lang-select {
-  background: transparent;
-  color: var(--primary-light);
-  border: none;
-  padding: 2px 2px 2px 0;
-  width: auto;
-  font-size: 11px;
-  font-weight: 700;
-  outline: none;
+.header-actions :deep(.locale-switch:not(.compact)),
+.header-actions :deep(.cash-chip),
+.header-actions :deep(.avatar-btn) {
+  height: var(--header-chip-h);
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+.header-actions :deep(.avatar-btn) {
+  width: var(--header-chip-h);
 }
 .announce-strip {
   flex-shrink: 0;
diff --git a/apps/player/src/main.ts b/apps/player/src/main.ts
index d8c73be..ef6d8eb 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/main.ts
+++ b/apps/player/src/main.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,21 @@ import './styles.css';
 const i18n = createI18n({
   legacy: false,
   locale: localStorage.getItem('locale') || 'zh-CN',
-  fallbackLocale: 'en-US',
+  fallbackLocale: ['en-US', 'zh-CN'],
   messages: {
     'zh-CN': {
       nav: { home: '主页', bet: '投注', bet_history: '历史投注', wallet: '账单', profile: '我的' },
+      home: {
+        hot_matches: '热门赛事',
+        no_matches: '暂无赛事',
+        announcement_badge: '公告',
+        announcement_default:
+          '欢迎光临 TheBet365 · 足球赛事火热进行中 · 理性投注，量力而行',
+        banner_prev: '上一张',
+        banner_next: '下一张',
+        banner_slide: '第 {n} 张',
+        banner_fallback: 'Banner',
+      },
       history: {
         league_default: '足球',
         stake: '投注 Stake',
@@ -69,7 +80,16 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         no_outright: '暂无冠军盘口',
         cancel: '取消',
         parlay_title: '串关投注',
-        parlay_desc: '选择3-10场比赛来创建串关投注。组合赔率相乘可赢得更多！',
+        parlay_guide_title: '串关怎么投？',
+        parlay_guide_help: '查看串关说明',
+        parlay_desc: '选择 2–5 场赛前赛事组合串关（2 串 1 至 5 串 1）。赔率相乘，不含滚球、冠军盘与四分盘让球/大小。',
+        parlay_guide_1: '在列表中点击各场赔率，选中项显示金边；再点同一项可取消',
+        parlay_guide_2: '须选 2–5 场不同赛事，不可同场串关；冠军盘与四分盘让球/大小不可选',
+        parlay_guide_3: '选好后点底部「确认下单」打开投注单，填写金额并提交',
+        parlay_max_legs: '串关最多 5 项',
+        parlay_block_outright: '冠军盘不可串关',
+        parlay_block_quarter: '四分盘让球/大小不可串关',
+        parlay_block_not_allowed: '该玩法不可串关',
         parlay_filter_all: '全部',
         parlay_empty: '暂无可用串关赛事',
         parlay_same_match: '同一场比赛不能串关',
@@ -91,6 +111,13 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         market_ht_handicap: '半场 让球',
         market_ht_ou: '半场 大小',
         market_ht_1x2: '半场 独赢盘',
+        parlay_sel_home: '主',
+        parlay_sel_away: '客',
+        parlay_sel_draw: '和',
+        parlay_sel_over: '大',
+        parlay_sel_under: '小',
+        parlay_sel_odd: '单',
+        parlay_sel_even: '双',
         col_home: '主场',
         col_draw: '平',
         col_away: '客场',
@@ -111,6 +138,9 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         guide_cs_1: '点「展开玩法」在表格里填各比分金额',
         guide_cs_2: '填好金额后点该玩法底部「确认下单」，核对后提交',
         guide_cs_3: '可一次填多个比分，会拆成多笔注单',
+        guide_flow_parlay: '串关（2–5 场）',
+        guide_parlay_1: '本页为单关/波胆。串关：底部导航点「投注」，在页面顶部切换到「串关投注」，选 2–5 场不同赛事后在投注单提交。',
+        guide_rules_link: '完整规则见「我的」→ 投注规则。',
         mode_cs_tag: '本页直接下注',
         mode_slip_tag: '加入投注单',
         cs_confirm_btn: '确认下注',
@@ -126,7 +156,7 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         cs_top_hint: '① 在比分格填金额  ② 点上方「确认下注」',
         slip_empty_hint: '点击赔率加入投注单',
         slip_remove: '移除',
-        slip_singles_hint: '共 {n} 笔单关（串关请用「串关投注」页）',
+        slip_singles_hint: '共 {n} 笔单关（串关请到「投注」页顶部「串关投注」）',
         slip_stake_per_bet: '每笔投注金额',
         slip_est_return: '预计总返还',
         slip_parlay_odds: '组合赔率 {odds}',
@@ -155,10 +185,27 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         password_failed: '密码修改失败',
         password_mismatch: '两次新密码不一致',
         password_incomplete: '修改密码需填写当前密码、新密码及确认密码',
+        rules_title: '投注规则',
+        rules_p1: '本平台第一版仅支持足球赛前盘，不含滚球、Cash Out、改单及系统串关。',
+        rules_p2: '串关为 2 串 1 至 5 串 1，不可同场串关；冠军盘、四分盘让球/大小不可进入串关。',
+        rules_p3: '赛果由平台根据官方录入的半场/全场比分结算，结算预览经确认后入账。',
+        rules_p4: '若本说明与后台公告冲突，以最新公告及实际盘口规则为准。',
+        rules_p5: '操作步骤：进入任意赛事详情，点右上角「?」查看玩法说明。',
       },
     },
     'en-US': {
       nav: { home: 'Home', bet: 'Bet', bet_history: 'History', wallet: 'Wallet', profile: 'Profile' },
+      home: {
+        hot_matches: 'Hot matches',
+        no_matches: 'No matches',
+        announcement_badge: 'Notice',
+        announcement_default:
+          'Welcome to TheBet365 · Football events are live · Bet responsibly',
+        banner_prev: 'Previous slide',
+        banner_next: 'Next slide',
+        banner_slide: 'Slide {n}',
+        banner_fallback: 'Banner',
+      },
       history: {
         league_default: 'Football',
         stake: 'Stake 投注',
@@ -216,7 +263,16 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         no_outright: 'No outright markets',
         cancel: 'Cancel',
         parlay_title: 'Parlay',
-        parlay_desc: 'Pick 3-10 matches. Combined odds multiply your potential win!',
+        parlay_guide_title: 'How to parlay',
+        parlay_guide_help: 'Parlay help',
+        parlay_desc: 'Combine 2–5 pre-match legs (2-fold to 5-fold). No live, outright, or quarter-ball HDP/O-U in parlay.',
+        parlay_guide_1: 'Tap odds in the list; selected cells show a gold border. Tap again to remove',
+        parlay_guide_2: 'Pick 2–5 different matches only. No same match, outright, or quarter-ball HDP/O-U',
+        parlay_guide_3: 'Tap Confirm order at the bottom, enter stake in the bet slip, and submit',
+        parlay_max_legs: 'Parlay allows up to 5 legs',
+        parlay_block_outright: 'Outright cannot be parlayed',
+        parlay_block_quarter: 'Quarter-ball HDP/O-U cannot be parlayed',
+        parlay_block_not_allowed: 'This market cannot be parlayed',
         parlay_filter_all: 'All',
         parlay_empty: 'No matches available for parlay betting',
         parlay_same_match: 'Cannot parlay selections from the same match',
@@ -238,6 +294,13 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         market_ht_handicap: 'HT Handicap',
         market_ht_ou: 'HT O/U',
         market_ht_1x2: 'HT 1X2',
+        parlay_sel_home: 'H',
+        parlay_sel_away: 'A',
+        parlay_sel_draw: 'D',
+        parlay_sel_over: 'O',
+        parlay_sel_under: 'U',
+        parlay_sel_odd: 'Odd',
+        parlay_sel_even: 'Even',
         col_home: 'Home',
         col_draw: 'Draw',
         col_away: 'Away',
@@ -258,6 +321,9 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         guide_cs_1: 'Expand and enter stake on each score',
         guide_cs_2: 'Enter stakes, then tap Place order at the bottom of that market',
         guide_cs_3: 'Multiple scores = multiple bets',
+        guide_flow_parlay: 'Parlay (2–5 legs)',
+        guide_parlay_1: 'This page is for singles and correct score. Parlay: tap Bet in the bottom nav, then the Parlay tab at the top of that page, pick 2–5 different matches, and submit from the bet slip.',
+        guide_rules_link: 'Full rules: Profile → Betting Rules.',
         mode_cs_tag: 'Bet here',
         mode_slip_tag: 'Add to slip',
         cs_confirm_btn: 'Confirm bet',
@@ -273,7 +339,7 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         cs_top_hint: '① Enter stake  ② Tap Confirm bet above',
         slip_empty_hint: 'Tap odds to add to bet slip',
         slip_remove: 'Remove',
-        slip_singles_hint: '{n} single bet(s). Use Parlay tab for parlays.',
+        slip_singles_hint: '{n} single bet(s). Parlay: Bet page → top Parlay tab.',
         slip_stake_per_bet: 'Stake per bet',
         slip_est_return: 'Est. total return',
         slip_parlay_odds: 'Combined odds {odds}',
@@ -302,6 +368,12 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         password_failed: 'Password change failed',
         password_mismatch: 'Passwords do not match',
         password_incomplete: 'Fill current, new and confirm password to change password',
+        rules_title: 'Betting Rules',
+        rules_p1: 'Football pre-match only in v1. No live betting, Cash Out, bet edits, or system parlays.',
+        rules_p2: 'Parlays: 2–5 legs, different matches only. Outright and quarter-ball HDP/O-U are excluded from parlays.',
+        rules_p3: 'Results use admin-entered half-time and full-time scores; payouts apply after settlement preview is confirmed.',
+        rules_p4: 'If this text conflicts with site notices, the latest notice and market rules prevail.',
+        rules_p5: 'How to bet: open any match, tap the ? icon on the top right.',
       },
     },
     'ms-MY': {
@@ -312,18 +384,29 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         wallet: 'Bil',
         profile: 'Profil',
       },
+      home: {
+        hot_matches: 'Perlawanan popular',
+        no_matches: 'Tiada perlawanan',
+        announcement_badge: 'Notis',
+        announcement_default:
+          'Selamat datang ke TheBet365 · Perlawanan bola sepak sedang berlangsung · Bertaruh secara bertanggungjawab',
+        banner_prev: 'Slaid sebelumnya',
+        banner_next: 'Slaid seterusnya',
+        banner_slide: 'Slaid {n}',
+        banner_fallback: 'Banner',
+      },
       history: {
         league_default: 'Bola Sepak',
-        stake: 'Stake 投注',
-        return: 'Return 回报',
-        est_return: 'Est. Return 预计回报',
-        parlay_title: 'Parlay · {n} perlawanan',
-        parlay_league: 'Parlay 串关',
+        stake: 'Stake',
+        return: 'Pulangan',
+        est_return: 'Anggaran pulangan',
+        parlay_title: 'Berganda · {n} perlawanan',
+        parlay_league: 'Berganda',
         empty: 'Tiada rekod pertaruhan',
-        status_won: 'WON 赢',
-        status_pending: 'PENDING 待定',
-        status_lost: 'LOST 输',
-        status_push: 'PUSH 走盘',
+        status_won: 'MENANG',
+        status_pending: 'MENUNGGU',
+        status_lost: 'KALAH',
+        status_push: 'SERI',
       },
       auth: {
         login: 'Log Masuk',
@@ -369,9 +452,18 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         no_outright: 'Tiada pasaran juara',
         cancel: 'Batal',
         parlay_title: 'Pertaruhan Berganda',
-        parlay_desc: 'Pilih 3-10 perlawanan. Gabungan odds didarab!',
+        parlay_guide_title: 'Cara parlay',
+        parlay_guide_help: 'Bantuan parlay',
+        parlay_desc: 'Gabung 2–5 perlawanan pra-perlawanan (2 hingga 5 liputan). Tiada live, outright atau suku bola HDP/O-U.',
+        parlay_guide_1: 'Ketik odds dalam senarai; pilihan dipilih ada sempadan emas. Ketik lagi untuk batal',
+        parlay_guide_2: 'Pilih 2–5 perlawanan berbeza. Tiada perlawanan sama, outright atau suku bola HDP/O-U',
+        parlay_guide_3: 'Ketik Sahkan pesanan di bawah, isi pegangan dalam slip, dan hantar',
+        parlay_max_legs: 'Maksimum 5 pilihan parlay',
+        parlay_block_outright: 'Outright tidak boleh parlay',
+        parlay_block_quarter: 'HDP/O-U suku bola tidak boleh parlay',
+        parlay_block_not_allowed: 'Pasaran ini tidak boleh parlay',
         parlay_filter_all: 'Semua',
-        parlay_empty: 'No matches available for parlay betting',
+        parlay_empty: 'Tiada perlawanan untuk pertaruhan berganda',
         parlay_same_match: 'Perlawanan sama tidak boleh berganda',
         parlay_need_more: 'Pilih sekurang-kurangnya 2 pilihan',
         back: 'Kembali',
@@ -391,6 +483,13 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         market_ht_handicap: 'Handicap Separuh',
         market_ht_ou: 'Atas/Bawah Separuh',
         market_ht_1x2: '1X2 Separuh',
+        parlay_sel_home: 'R',
+        parlay_sel_away: 'P',
+        parlay_sel_draw: 'S',
+        parlay_sel_over: 'Atas',
+        parlay_sel_under: 'Bwh',
+        parlay_sel_odd: 'G',
+        parlay_sel_even: 'Gn',
         col_home: 'Home',
         col_draw: 'Seri',
         col_away: 'Away',
@@ -411,6 +510,9 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         guide_cs_1: 'Kembang dan isi jumlah setiap skor',
         guide_cs_2: 'Isi jumlah, kemudian Sahkan pesanan di bawah pasaran itu',
         guide_cs_3: 'Beberapa skor = beberapa pertaruhan',
+        guide_flow_parlay: 'Parlay (2–5 perlawanan)',
+        guide_parlay_1: 'Halaman ini untuk tunggal dan skor tepat. Parlay: ketik Pertaruhan di nav bawah, kemudian tab Parlay di bahagian atas halaman, pilih 2–5 perlawanan berbeza, hantar dari slip.',
+        guide_rules_link: 'Peraturan penuh: Profil → Peraturan Pertaruhan.',
         mode_cs_tag: 'Pertaruhan di sini',
         mode_slip_tag: 'Tambah ke slip',
         cs_confirm_btn: 'Sahkan pertaruhan',
@@ -426,7 +528,7 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         cs_top_hint: '① Isi jumlah  ② Ketik Sahkan di atas',
         slip_empty_hint: 'Ketik odds untuk tambah ke slip',
         slip_remove: 'Buang',
-        slip_singles_hint: '{n} pertaruhan tunggal. Guna tab Berganda untuk parlay.',
+        slip_singles_hint: '{n} pertaruhan tunggal. Parlay: halaman Pertaruhan → tab Berganda di atas.',
         slip_stake_per_bet: 'Jumlah setiap pertaruhan',
         slip_est_return: 'Anggaran pulangan',
         slip_parlay_odds: 'Odds gabungan {odds}',
@@ -455,6 +557,12 @@ const i18n = createI18n({
         password_failed: 'Gagal tukar kata laluan',
         password_mismatch: 'Kata laluan tidak sepadan',
         password_incomplete: 'Isi kata laluan semasa, baharu dan pengesahan untuk menukar',
+        rules_title: 'Peraturan Pertaruhan',
+        rules_p1: 'Versi pertama: hanya bola sepak pra-perlawanan. Tiada live, Cash Out, edit pertaruhan atau parlay sistem.',
+        rules_p2: 'Parlay 2–5 perlawanan, bukan perlawanan sama. Outright dan suku bola HDP/O-U tidak boleh parlay.',
+        rules_p3: 'Keputusan berdasarkan skor separuh masa/penuh yang dimasukkan admin; bayaran selepas pratonton disahkan.',
+        rules_p4: 'Jika bercanggah dengan notis laman, ikut notis terkini dan peraturan pasaran.',
+        rules_p5: 'Langkah operasi: buka butiran perlawanan, ketik ikon ? di atas kanan.',
       },
     },
   },
diff --git a/apps/player/src/stores/auth.ts b/apps/player/src/stores/auth.ts
index b94c721..2f174bf 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/stores/auth.ts
+++ b/apps/player/src/stores/auth.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import api from '../api';
 
 export const useAuthStore = defineStore('auth', () => {
   const token = ref(localStorage.getItem('token') || '');
-  const user = ref(JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('user') || 'null'));
+  const user = ref<{ id?: string; username?: string; locale?: string } | null>(
+    JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('user') || 'null'),
+  );
 
   async function login(username: string, password: string) {
     const { data } = await api.post('/player/auth/login', { username, password });
diff --git a/apps/player/src/stores/betSlip.ts b/apps/player/src/stores/betSlip.ts
index f3c0f29..e56b76a 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/stores/betSlip.ts
+++ b/apps/player/src/stores/betSlip.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 import { defineStore } from 'pinia';
 import { ref, computed } from 'vue';
+import {
+  PARLAY_MIN_LEGS,
+  PARLAY_MAX_LEGS,
+  canSelectForParlay,
+  type ParlayRejectReason,
+} from '@thebet365/shared';
 
 export interface SlipItem {
   selectionId: string;
@@ -9,20 +15,30 @@ export interface SlipItem {
   selectionName: string;
   odds: number;
   marketType: string;
+  lineValue?: number | null;
+  allowParlay?: boolean;
 }
 
 export const useBetSlipStore = defineStore('betSlip', () => {
   const items = ref<SlipItem[]>([]);
   const stake = ref<number>(10);
   const mode = ref<'single' | 'parlay'>('single');
+  const lastParlayError = ref<ParlayRejectReason | 'MAX_LEGS' | null>(null);
 
   const count = computed(() => items.value.length);
-  const isParlay = computed(() => mode.value === 'parlay' && items.value.length >= 2);
+  const isParlay = computed(() => mode.value === 'parlay' && items.value.length >= PARLAY_MIN_LEGS);
+
+  function parseLineValue(v: number | string | null | undefined): number | null {
+    if (v == null || v === '') return null;
+    const n = typeof v === 'number' ? v : parseFloat(String(v));
+    return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null;
+  }
 
   /** 球赛/详情页：仅单关，且投注单同时只能有 1 项 */
   function addItem(item: SlipItem) {
     if (mode.value === 'parlay') items.value = [];
     mode.value = 'single';
+    lastParlayError.value = null;
 
     const existing = items.value.findIndex(
       (i) => i.selectionId === item.selectionId,
@@ -35,27 +51,48 @@ export const useBetSlipStore = defineStore('betSlip', () => {
   }
 
   /** 串关页专用：跨场组合，同场只保留一个选项 */
-  function addParlayLeg(item: SlipItem) {
+  function addParlayLeg(item: SlipItem): ParlayRejectReason | 'MAX_LEGS' | null {
     if (mode.value === 'single') items.value = [];
     mode.value = 'parlay';
 
     const samePick = items.value.findIndex((i) => i.selectionId === item.selectionId);
     if (samePick >= 0) {
       items.value.splice(samePick, 1);
-      return;
+      lastParlayError.value = null;
+      return null;
     }
+
+    const check = canSelectForParlay({
+      marketType: item.marketType,
+      lineValue: parseLineValue(item.lineValue),
+      allowParlay: item.allowParlay,
+    });
+    if (!check.ok) {
+      lastParlayError.value = check.reason;
+      return check.reason;
+    }
+
+    if (items.value.length >= PARLAY_MAX_LEGS) {
+      lastParlayError.value = 'MAX_LEGS';
+      return 'MAX_LEGS';
+    }
+
     items.value = items.value.filter((i) => i.matchId !== item.matchId);
     items.value.push(item);
+    lastParlayError.value = null;
+    return null;
   }
 
   function removeItem(selectionId: string) {
     items.value = items.value.filter((i) => i.selectionId !== selectionId);
     if (!items.value.length) mode.value = 'single';
+    lastParlayError.value = null;
   }
 
   function clear() {
     items.value = [];
     mode.value = 'single';
+    lastParlayError.value = null;
   }
 
   const totalOdds = computed(() =>
@@ -64,7 +101,7 @@ export const useBetSlipStore = defineStore('betSlip', () => {
 
   const potentialReturn = computed(() => {
     if (!items.value.length) return 0;
-    if (mode.value === 'parlay' && items.value.length >= 2) {
+    if (mode.value === 'parlay' && items.value.length >= PARLAY_MIN_LEGS) {
       return stake.value * totalOdds.value;
     }
     return stake.value * items.value[0].odds;
@@ -75,6 +112,14 @@ export const useBetSlipStore = defineStore('betSlip', () => {
     return new Set(matchIds).size !== matchIds.length;
   });
 
+  const canPlaceParlay = computed(
+    () =>
+      mode.value === 'parlay' &&
+      items.value.length >= PARLAY_MIN_LEGS &&
+      items.value.length <= PARLAY_MAX_LEGS &&
+      !hasSameMatch.value,
+  );
+
   const drawerOpen = ref(false);
 
   function openDrawer() {
@@ -94,6 +139,8 @@ export const useBetSlipStore = defineStore('betSlip', () => {
     totalOdds,
     potentialReturn,
     hasSameMatch,
+    canPlaceParlay,
+    lastParlayError,
     drawerOpen,
     addItem,
     addParlayLeg,
diff --git a/apps/player/src/utils/localeDisplay.ts b/apps/player/src/utils/localeDisplay.ts
index 0bbd73d..fc928b4 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/utils/localeDisplay.ts
+++ b/apps/player/src/utils/localeDisplay.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { LOCALE_UI_LABELS } from '@thebet365/shared';
+
 export interface LocaleDisplay {
   countryCode: 'cn' | 'us' | 'my';
   currency: string;
@@ -5,9 +7,9 @@ export interface LocaleDisplay {
 }
 
 const LOCALE_DISPLAY: Record<string, LocaleDisplay> = {
-  'zh-CN': { countryCode: 'cn', currency: 'CNY', label: '中文' },
-  'en-US': { countryCode: 'us', currency: 'USD', label: 'English' },
-  'ms-MY': { countryCode: 'my', currency: 'MYR', label: 'BM' },
+  'zh-CN': { countryCode: 'cn', currency: 'CNY', label: LOCALE_UI_LABELS['zh-CN'] },
+  'en-US': { countryCode: 'us', currency: 'USD', label: LOCALE_UI_LABELS['en-US'] },
+  'ms-MY': { countryCode: 'my', currency: 'MYR', label: LOCALE_UI_LABELS['ms-MY'] },
 };
 
 export function getLocaleDisplay(locale: string): LocaleDisplay {
diff --git a/apps/player/src/utils/parlayColumns.ts b/apps/player/src/utils/parlayColumns.ts
index e54662d..875c4a9 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/utils/parlayColumns.ts
+++ b/apps/player/src/utils/parlayColumns.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-/** 串关列表表头与玩法类型 */
+/** 串关列表表头与玩法类型（labelKey 对应 main.ts bet.*） */
 export const PARLAY_MARKET_TYPES = [
-  { key: 'FT_HANDICAP', label: 'FT.HDP' },
-  { key: 'FT_OVER_UNDER', label: 'FT.O/U' },
-  { key: 'FT_1X2', label: 'FT.1X2' },
-  { key: 'FT_ODD_EVEN', label: 'FT.O/E' },
-  { key: 'HT_HANDICAP', label: '1H.HDP' },
-  { key: 'HT_OVER_UNDER', label: '1H.O/U' },
-  { key: 'HT_1X2', label: '1H.1X2' },
+  { key: 'FT_HANDICAP', labelKey: 'market_ft_handicap' },
+  { key: 'FT_OVER_UNDER', labelKey: 'market_ft_ou' },
+  { key: 'FT_1X2', labelKey: 'market_ft_1x2' },
+  { key: 'FT_ODD_EVEN', labelKey: 'market_ft_oe' },
+  { key: 'HT_HANDICAP', labelKey: 'market_ht_handicap' },
+  { key: 'HT_OVER_UNDER', labelKey: 'market_ht_ou' },
+  { key: 'HT_1X2', labelKey: 'market_ht_1x2' },
 ] as const;
 
 export type ParlayMarketType = (typeof PARLAY_MARKET_TYPES)[number]['key'];
 
-/** 选项简称（串关格内展示） */
-export const SELECTION_SHORT: Record<string, string> = {
-  HOME: '主',
-  AWAY: '客',
-  DRAW: '和',
-  OVER: '大',
-  UNDER: '小',
-  ODD: '单',
-  EVEN: '双',
+/** 选项简称 i18n key（串关格内展示） */
+export const PARLAY_SELECTION_KEYS: Record<string, string> = {
+  HOME: 'parlay_sel_home',
+  AWAY: 'parlay_sel_away',
+  DRAW: 'parlay_sel_draw',
+  OVER: 'parlay_sel_over',
+  UNDER: 'parlay_sel_under',
+  ODD: 'parlay_sel_odd',
+  EVEN: 'parlay_sel_even',
 };
diff --git a/apps/player/src/views/HomeView.vue b/apps/player/src/views/HomeView.vue
index 4eafcc7..720b872 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/views/HomeView.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/views/HomeView.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { ref, onMounted, computed } from 'vue';
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+
+const { t } = useI18n();
 import api from '../api';
 import emptyMatchesImg from '../assets/images/empty-matches.svg';
 import BannerCarousel from '../components/BannerCarousel.vue';
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ function goMatch(id: string) {
   <div>
     <BannerCarousel :banners="displayBanners" />
 
-    <h2 class="section-title">热门赛事</h2>
+    <h2 class="section-title">{{ t('home.hot_matches') }}</h2>
     <div v-for="match in home?.hotMatches || []" :key="match.id" class="card match-card" @click="goMatch(match.id)">
       <div class="match-teams">{{ match.homeTeamName }} vs {{ match.awayTeamName }}</div>
       <div class="match-time">{{ new Date(match.startTime).toLocaleString() }}</div>
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ function goMatch(id: string) {
 
     <div v-if="home && !home.hotMatches?.length" class="empty">
       <img :src="emptyMatchesImg" alt="" class="empty-icon" />
-      <p>暂无赛事</p>
+      <p>{{ t('home.no_matches') }}</p>
     </div>
   </div>
 </template>
diff --git a/apps/player/src/views/LoginView.vue b/apps/player/src/views/LoginView.vue
index 90a7fd1..d63a5a2 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/views/LoginView.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/views/LoginView.vue
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ import { ref } from 'vue';
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import { useAuthStore } from '../stores/auth';
+import { useAppLocale } from '../composables/useAppLocale';
+import LocaleSwitcher from '../components/LocaleSwitcher.vue';
 import RobotVerify from '../components/RobotVerify.vue';
 import loginBg from '../assets/images/h5bg.png';
 
 const { t } = useI18n();
+const { initFromUser } = useAppLocale();
 const auth = useAuthStore();
 const router = useRouter();
 const captchaRef = ref<InstanceType<typeof RobotVerify> | null>(null);
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ async function submit() {
   error.value = '';
   try {
     await auth.login(username.value, password.value);
+    initFromUser(auth.user?.locale);
     router.push('/');
   } catch (e: unknown) {
     error.value = (e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } })?.response?.data?.error || 'Login failed';
@@ -36,6 +40,9 @@ async function submit() {
 
 <template>
   <div class="login-page" :style="{ backgroundImage: `url(${loginBg})` }">
+    <div class="login-lang">
+      <LocaleSwitcher compact />
+    </div>
     <form @submit.prevent="submit" class="login-form ps-gold-frame">
       <label>{{ t('auth.username') }}</label>
       <input v-model="username" class="ps-gold-input" required />
@@ -51,7 +58,15 @@ async function submit() {
 </template>
 
 <style scoped>
+.login-lang {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: max(12px, env(safe-area-inset-top));
+  right: 16px;
+  z-index: 2;
+}
+
 .login-page {
+  position: relative;
   height: 100%;
   min-height: 100dvh;
   overflow-y: auto;
diff --git a/apps/player/src/views/MatchDetailView.vue b/apps/player/src/views/MatchDetailView.vue
index d26e6eb..2024010 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/views/MatchDetailView.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/views/MatchDetailView.vue
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ interface Market {
   id: string;
   marketType: string;
   period: string;
-  lineValue?: string;
+  lineValue?: string | number | null;
+  allowParlay?: boolean;
   selections: Selection[];
 }
 
@@ -212,6 +213,11 @@ function toggleSelection(sel: Selection, market: Market) {
     selectionName: sel.selectionName,
     odds: parseFloat(sel.odds),
     marketType: market.marketType,
+    lineValue:
+      market.lineValue != null && market.lineValue !== ''
+        ? parseFloat(String(market.lineValue))
+        : null,
+    allowParlay: market.allowParlay,
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/player/src/views/ProfileView.vue b/apps/player/src/views/ProfileView.vue
index 58380c7..83c6eb7 100644
--- a/apps/player/src/views/ProfileView.vue
+++ b/apps/player/src/views/ProfileView.vue
@@ -6,16 +6,12 @@ import api from '../api';
 import { formatMoney } from '../utils/localeDisplay';
 import LocaleFlag from '../components/LocaleFlag.vue';
 import { useAuthStore } from '../stores/auth';
+import { useAppLocale } from '../composables/useAppLocale';
 
 const { t, locale } = useI18n();
 const router = useRouter();
 const auth = useAuthStore();
-
-const locales = [
-  { code: 'zh-CN', label: '中文' },
-  { code: 'en-US', label: 'EN' },
-  { code: 'ms-MY', label: 'BM' },
-] as const;
+const { locales, setLocale, initFromUser } = useAppLocale();
 
 const profile = ref<{
   username?: string;
@@ -25,12 +21,11 @@ const profile = ref<{
 onMounted(async () => {
   const { data } = await api.get('/player/profile');
   profile.value = data.data;
+  initFromUser(data.data?.locale);
 });
 
 async function changeLocale(code: string) {
-  locale.value = code;
-  localStorage.setItem('locale', code);
-  await api.post('/player/language', { locale: code });
+  await setLocale(code);
 }
 
 function logout() {
@@ -79,6 +74,19 @@ function logout() {
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
+
+      <div class="settings-cell settings-cell--stack rules-cell">
+        <div class="cell-head">
+          <span class="cell-label">{{ t('profile.rules_title') }}</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="rules-body">
+          <p>{{ t('profile.rules_p1') }}</p>
+          <p>{{ t('profile.rules_p2') }}</p>
+          <p>{{ t('profile.rules_p3') }}</p>
+          <p>{{ t('profile.rules_p4') }}</p>
+          <p>{{ t('profile.rules_p5') }}</p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
     </section>
 
     <button type="button" class="logout-btn" @click="logout">
@@ -236,4 +244,19 @@ function logout() {
 .logout-btn:active {
   background: rgba(255, 69, 58, 0.08);
 }
+
+.rules-body {
+  padding: 0 0 12px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  line-height: 1.55;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+}
+
+.rules-body p {
+  margin: 0 0 8px;
+}
+
+.rules-body p:last-child {
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
 </style>
diff --git a/apps/player/vite.config.ts b/apps/player/vite.config.ts
index 07290de..14df638 100644
--- a/apps/player/vite.config.ts
+++ b/apps/player/vite.config.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ export default defineConfig({
   resolve: {
     // 避免删除 src 内过期 .js 后仍优先请求 index.js 导致 404
     extensions: ['.ts', '.tsx', '.mjs', '.js', '.mts', '.jsx', '.json', '.vue'],
+    alias: {
+      // shared 的 dist 为 CommonJS，Vite 无法按命名导出加载；直连源码
+      '@thebet365/shared': resolve(__dirname, '../../packages/shared/src/index.ts'),
+    },
   },
   publicDir: resolve(__dirname, '../../packages/shared/public'),
   server: {
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/betting-rules.ts b/packages/shared/src/betting-rules.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8979077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/shared/src/betting-rules.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/** 第一版仅足球；字段预留其他 sportType */
+export const SPORT_TYPE_FOOTBALL = 'FOOTBALL';
+
+/** 常规赛事发布时生成的赛前盘口（手动维护，不含冠军盘） */
+export const STANDARD_PREMATCH_MARKET_TYPES = [
+  'FT_1X2',
+  'FT_HANDICAP',
+  'FT_OVER_UNDER',
+  'FT_ODD_EVEN',
+  'HT_1X2',
+  'HT_HANDICAP',
+  'HT_OVER_UNDER',
+  'FT_CORRECT_SCORE',
+  'HT_CORRECT_SCORE',
+  'SH_CORRECT_SCORE',
+] as const;
+
+export const HANDICAP_TOTAL_MARKET_TYPES = [
+  'FT_HANDICAP',
+  'HT_HANDICAP',
+  'FT_OVER_UNDER',
+  'HT_OVER_UNDER',
+] as const;
+
+export type ParlayRejectReason = 'OUTRIGHT' | 'NOT_ALLOWED' | 'QUARTER_LINE';
+
+export function isQuarterLine(line: number | null | undefined): boolean {
+  if (line == null || Number.isNaN(line)) return false;
+  const frac = Math.abs(line % 1);
+  return Math.abs(frac - 0.25) < 0.001 || Math.abs(frac - 0.75) < 0.001;
+}
+
+export function isQuarterHandicapOrTotal(line: number | null | undefined): boolean {
+  return isQuarterLine(line);
+}
+
+export function canSelectForParlay(params: {
+  marketType: string;
+  lineValue?: number | null;
+  allowParlay?: boolean;
+  isOutright?: boolean;
+}): { ok: true } | { ok: false; reason: ParlayRejectReason } {
+  if (params.marketType === 'OUTRIGHT_WINNER' || params.isOutright) {
+    return { ok: false, reason: 'OUTRIGHT' };
+  }
+  if (params.allowParlay === false) {
+    return { ok: false, reason: 'NOT_ALLOWED' };
+  }
+  if (
+    (HANDICAP_TOTAL_MARKET_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(params.marketType) &&
+    isQuarterHandicapOrTotal(params.lineValue ?? null)
+  ) {
+    return { ok: false, reason: 'QUARTER_LINE' };
+  }
+  return { ok: true };
+}
+
+export function isPreMatchKickoff(startTime: Date | string): boolean {
+  return new Date() < new Date(startTime);
+}
+
+export function isSupportedSport(sportType: string | null | undefined): boolean {
+  return (sportType ?? SPORT_TYPE_FOOTBALL) === SPORT_TYPE_FOOTBALL;
+}
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/index.ts b/packages/shared/src/index.ts
index 0bd883e..075c4b0 100644
--- a/packages/shared/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/shared/src/index.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export enum WalletStatus {
 // Locale
 export const SUPPORTED_LOCALES = ['zh-CN', 'ms-MY', 'en-US'] as const;
 export type Locale = (typeof SUPPORTED_LOCALES)[number];
-export const DEFAULT_LOCALE: Locale = 'en-US';
+export const DEFAULT_LOCALE: Locale = 'zh-CN';
 
 // Admin roles
 export enum AdminRole {
@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ export enum AdminRole {
 export const PARLAY_MIN_LEGS = 2;
 export const PARLAY_MAX_LEGS = 5;
 
+export * from './betting-rules';
+export * from './locale';
+
 export interface ApiResponse<T = unknown> {
   success: boolean;
   data?: T;
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/locale.ts b/packages/shared/src/locale.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a153aff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/shared/src/locale.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/** 内容翻译 fallback：当前语言 → 英文 → 中文 */
+export function resolveTranslationFallback(
+  map: Record<string, string | undefined | null>,
+  locale: string,
+): string {
+  const chain = [locale, 'en-US', 'zh-CN'];
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+  for (const loc of chain) {
+    if (seen.has(loc)) continue;
+    seen.add(loc);
+    const v = map[loc];
+    if (v != null && String(v).trim() !== '') return String(v).trim();
+  }
+  for (const v of Object.values(map)) {
+    if (v != null && String(v).trim() !== '') return String(v).trim();
+  }
+  return '';
+}
+
+/** 前台语言显示名（PRD 3.1） */
+export const LOCALE_UI_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
+  'zh-CN': '中文',
+  'ms-MY': 'Bahasa Melayu',
+  'en-US': 'English',
+};
+
+/** vue-i18n 缺 key 时：en-US → zh-CN */
+export const VUE_I18N_FALLBACK_LOCALES = ['en-US', 'zh-CN'] as const;